Transcript TAS Angelfish Naming Conventions Part II

TAS Angelfish Naming
Conventions Part 2 – Phenotype
Names
A Presentation for The Angelfish
Society
by
Tamar Stephens
Introduction
• This is Part 2 of a 2-part series.
• Part 1 explained what genetic notation is, and
how the TAS genetic notation for angelfish of the
species Pterophyllum scalare is structured.
• Part 2 explains the rules used by the TAS
Genetics Calculator to create phenotype names
from the genotypes.
Vocabulary refresher
• Genetic notation – letters used to
represent genes and alleles
• Phenotype - The appearance of an
individual, such as smokey or zebra.
• Genotype - The genes that create a
particular phenotype.
What does the Genetics Calculator
Do?
• The calculator generates genotypes for any
hypothetical crosses using the alleles
programmed into the calculator.
• The calculator generates phenotype names for
any genotype for parents and for offspring.
• This presentation will show you the rules used
by the Genetics Calculator to create a
phenotype name.
In Part 1 we saw how the Genetics
Calculator displays the genotype.
You can view Part 1 on the TAS website at:
mhtml:http://www.theangelfishsociety.org/presentations/TASNamingPart1
Genotypes1.mht!TASNamingPart1Genotypes-1_files/frame.htm
Or look for it on the “Presentations” page at:
http://www.theangelfishsociety.org/PresentationsTAS.htm
The genotype lists the alleles at
each locus in this order:
1
Dark Locus (D, M, Gm, g)
2
Zebra/Stripeless Locus (Z,S)
3
Smokey (Sm)
4
Veil (V)
5
Half-black (h)
6
Pearly (p)
7
Albino (a)
8
Streaked (St)
But the phenotype name does not
follow the same order!
Phenotype names are created with
a different logic.
Here are the Naming Rules…
Phenotype names are based on
the following hierarchy.
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
1. albino
2. gold, gold marble, marble
3. streaked
4. zebra, smokey, chocolate, leopard
5. half-black
6. dark descriptions
7. Gm/+
8. ghost, blushing
9. pearlscale
10. veil
11. common names that have stuck
12. exceptions
1. Albino (a/a)
• If the angelfish has the genotype
a/a, it is simply an albino.
• For any other genotype that
includes a/a, “albino” will list first
in the phenotype name.
Examples
g/g – a/a  albino gold
Gm/g – a/a  albino gold
marble
Sm/+ - a/a  albino smokey
Albino
2. Gold, gold marble, marble
Gold, gold marble, or marble will come
next if both alleles at this locus are
some combination of M, Gm, or g.
(M/M, M/Gm, M/g, Gm/Gm, Gm/g, or
g/g)
Examples:
M/M – a/a
Gm/Gm – a/a
Gm/Gm – +/a
M/g – V/+




albino marble
albino gold marble
gold marble
marble veil
Gold Marble
3.Streaked - St/+ or St/St.
Streaked comes next if the fish contains
St/+ or St/St and has a dark allele (D).
Streaked generally doesn’t show in the
phenotype unless a dark allele is
present, so only use “streaked” if a
dark allele is present.
Examples:
D/+ – St/+
D/g – St/St
D/D – St/+



Streaked black lace
Streaked hybrid black
Streaked double dark
black
Streaked Black Lace
4. Smokey (Sm) combinations with
or without Zebra (Z)
Zebra, smokey, chocolate or leopard will
come next if the fish is Sm/+, Sm/Sm with
or without zebra.
Examples:
Sm/+
 smokey
Sm/+ - a/a
 albino smokey
M/+ - Sm/+
 smokey marble
Sm/Sm
 chocolate
Sm/+ - Z/+
 smokey leopard
Sm/Sm – Z/Z
 leopard
Sm/Sm – Z/Z - D/+  leopard lace
Z/+ - a/a
 albino zebra
Smokey Leopard
5. Half-black (h/h)
Half-black is added after the previous
color mutations.
Examples:
h/h
Z/Z – h/h
Z/Z – h/h – a/a
 half-black
 zebra half-black
 albino zebra
half-black
Zebra Half-Black
(in foreground)
6. Dark allele (D)
Dark allele descriptions follow half-black
a.
b.
c.
d.
Lace for D/+
Hybrid black for D/g, D/Gm, and D/M
Black (dd) or double dark black for D/D
Because half-black lace sounds strange, the lace
was placed before the half-black for half-blacks with
D/+. Other dark combinations like hybrid black and
clown black were placed after the half-black.
6a. Dark Allele (D) continued
Lace is used for any phenotype
with D/+ at the dark locus.
Examples:
D/+
D/+ - Sm/+
D/+ - Z/+ - a/a
 black lace
 smokey lace
 albino zebra
lace
Black lace angelfish
6b. Dark Allele (D) continued
• Hybrid black is used for genotypes with D/g,
D/Gm, and D/M
Examples:
D/g - S/+
D/g - Sm/+
D/Gm - h/h
 hybrid black ghost
 smokey hybrid black
 half black hybrid black
6c. Dark allele (D) continued
Use Black (dd) or double dark black
for D/D
Example:
D/D – Sm/+  smokey black (dd)
D/D – Z+
 zebra black (dd)
Smokey Black
6d. Dark allele (D) continued
Because half-black lace sounds strange, the
lace was placed before the half-black for
half-blacks with D/+. Other dark
combinations like hybrid black and clown
black were placed after the half-black.
Examples:
D/+ - Z/+ - h/h
D/g – Z/+ - h/h
 zebra lace half-black
 zebra half-black hybrid
black
7. Gold Marble
To differentiate gold marble
Gm/Gm and Gm/g from
angelfish with Gm/+, gold
marble will be added as the
final “color” mutation
description if the fish is
Gm/+.
Examples:
Gm/g - S/S
Gm/+ - S/S
 gold marble
blushing
 blushing gold
marble
Blushing
Gold
Marble
(aka “blue
koi”)
Gold
Marble
Blushing
(aka “koi”)
8. Ghost and Blushing
• Ghost and blushing are added to the
end of the name after the other color
mutations. Ghost can be listed in
parenthesis when its effect is
questionable. (Marble, gold, gold
marble and smokey.)
Examples
D/g – S/+
D/g – S/S
M/M – S/+
M/M – S/S
 hybrid black ghost
 hybrid black
blushing
 marble (ghost)
 marble blushing
Marble Blushing
9. Pearl Scale
• Pearlscale is added after all other
“color” mutations if the fish is p/p
Examples:
g/g – p/p
D/+ - Sm/+ - p/p
h/h – p/p
 gold pearl scale
 smokey lace
pearl scale
 half-black pearl
scale
Gold Pearl Scale
10. Veil and Super-veil
Veil is added at the end if the
fish is V/+ and super-veil if the
fish is V/V.
Examples:
g/g – V/+  gold veil
g/g – V/V  gold super-veil
Gold super-veil
11. Common names that have
“stuck”
Several common names are in wide enough usage that the
calculator was programmed to provide that name.
S/Z
 silver clown
D/+ - S/Z
 clown black
Gm/Gm - S/S or Gm/g – S/S
 koi
D/+ - S/S
turquoise
Sm/+ - Z/+ or Sm/+ - Z/Z
 smokey leopard
Sm/Sm – Z/Z or Sm/Sm - Z/+
 leopard
D/D – S/S, D/g – S/S
 black velvet (any form
of black blushing)
Gm/+ S/S*
blue koi
(*Gm/+ - S/S is commonly referred to by many people as a
“blue koi” but the genetics calculator calls it “blushing
gold marble.”)
12. Names that don’t fit the rules Clowns
Z/S
 silver clown
With D/D or D/g the fish is darker and the
clown markings are harder to see, so
“black” precedes “clown.”
D/g – Z/S
D/D – Z/S
 hybrid black
clown
 black clown
Black Clown
With D/+ the clown markings are more
apparent, so “clown” precedes “black
to distinguish the phenotype from a
black clown.
D/+ - Z/S
 clown black
Miscellaneous
The Genetics Calculator will not give names based on
alleles that do not show in the phenotype. For instance,
Gm/Gm, Gm/g, and g/g are epistatic (suppress the
expression) to smokey, halfblack and zebra.
Thus, with a single dose of gold marble, both gold marble
and smokey will show in this genotype:
Gm/+ - Sm/+
 smokey gold marble
But with Gm/Gm, Gm/g, or g/g the half-black, smokey or
zebra alleles do not show up in the phenotype, so the
names are simply:
Gm/Gm – Sm/+
 gold marble
Gm/g – h/h
 gold marble
g/g – Z/Z – h/h
 gold
What a lot to remember!
• Fortunately, you do not really need to remember all
these rules.
• As you work with your own angelfish, you will become
comfortable with the names that apply to them.
• If you do a cross that gives you a phenotype that is new
to your experience, you can use the genetics calculator
to help you figure out what to call it.
• Don’t forget that the Phenotype Library is a resource to
help you understand what most of the possible
genotypes will look like.
The End
Back to the chat room for questions,
answers, discussion!