Transcript Dr. M. P. Pandey, VC(IGKVV) - National Food Security Mission

Presentation
on
Hybrid Rice Technology in India :
Promotion of
Seed Production & Prospects

Staple food for two thirds
of Indians, holds key for
food security (43%)

Occupies 44 m.ha (22% of
cropped area)

Annual production : 99.0
India Vision 2020
• Vision envisages the target for 2020
as163 Mio Mt ( Milled Rice )
• At the existing growth rate of 1.34% pa,
India can achieve rice production of 106
Mio Mt by 2020
m.t.

Contributes 25% to Agril.
GDP

Earns a foreign exchange
of Rs. 7000 crore

Rice is ‘LIFE’ to Indians
Additional yield of hybrid rice at 1.5 Mt/ ha
can help to bridge the gap
2
Buffer Stock
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2001
2000
1995
1990
M. tonnes
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
•
Rapidly increasing population
•
Plateuing yield trend of HYV’s
•
Requirement of 122.1 m.t. rice by 2020
•
At existing growth rate (1.34% pa), we
can achieve only 106 m.t.
1. Declining resources (Land, water)
2. Unavailability of Labor
* At additional yield of hybrid rice at 1.5 t/ha can bridge the gap.
4
 Hybrid have higher yield
potential/day/ha (Fig.)
 It is easier to deploy resistance genes
 It offers greater job opportunities for
rural poor (60-80 persons /ha)
 Hybrids give better tolerance to abiotic
stresses specially to drought at early
veg. Stage, submergence and cold.
 Greater profitability of hybrid seed
production (Rs.35,000-50,000 net
return/ha)
 HYBRID TECHNOLOGY IS MORE
SUSTAINABLE
a) Magnitude of heterosis: One line >
two line > three line
(based on male sterility system)
b) Efficiency of seed production: One
line > two line > three line
Area of Hybrid Rice in India
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Number of Hybrids Released
= 43
irrigated Rainfed - uplands
low lands Stress
No. of central releases
= 20
No. of state releases
= 23
No. of hybrids released by Public sector = 28
No. of hybrids released by Private sector = 15
7
Abiotic Stress
Promising Hybrids
Rainfed upland
DRRH-2, Pant Sanker Dhan-3, Pant
Sanker Dhan-1, KJTRH-4
Salinity
DRRH 28, Pant Sanker Dhan-3, KRH-2,
JRH-8, PHB-71
Alkalinity
Suruchi, PHB-71, JKRH-2000, CRHR-5,
DRRH-2, DRRH-44,
Boro
RajLaxmi, CRHR-4, CRHR-32
Grain Quality
a. Medium slender Grain
27P11, DRRH 44,
b. Long slender Grain
Pusa Rice Hybrid 10
8
Yield (t/ha-1) of 115 elite irrigated lowland lines and 10hybrids under
lowland drought + 0 N, delayed transplanting, and water stagnation:
IRRI, wet season 2005
Cultivar type
Irrigated
Drought
+
0N
Delayed
planting
(60 days)
Water
stagnation
(40-60 cm)
Hybrids
5.0
2.2
2.7
1.0
Inbreds
3.4
1.6
1.5
0.5
Hybrid Advantage(%)
47
34
80
92
Source: G. Atlin, IRRI
PSD - PANT SHANKER DHAN
10
Hybrid
Grain yield
Grain quality
traits
t/ha
Adv
(%)
HRR
(%)
AC (%)
DRRH-44
6.1
33
67
23.8
27P11
5.8
26
70
22.9
BPT 5204
4.6
-
68
23.4
(Check)
Indira Sona
11
12
5kg/ha
15kg/ha
13
• Identification and introgression of gens for
fertility restoration, biotic stress resistance and
yield QTLs.
• Assessment of purity of seeds of hybrids and
parental lines
• Deployment of wc genes for developing
intersubspecific indica / tropical japonica
hybrids.
14
A WA-CMS specific PCR based marker to
distinguish between CMS (A-line) and maintainer
lines (B-line)
15
Testing genetic purity of hybrid seed lots
with molecular markers
Grow out test is the standard method to know the genetic purity of
hybrid seed lots before its sale. It takes one season after harvest and
thus holds up the seed lot/ capital.
Molecular markers have been developed to hasten the testing
process. DNA isolated from individual seedlings (400 plants) are
analysed with individual markers. The presence of two bands shows
the hybrid nature of seedlings (Figure)
Anther and Ovary culture to purify parental lines and
hasten breeding process

In vitro-culture techniques used to produce double haploid
plants- complete by homozygous uniform-purify parental lines.

Ovary culture is only option for male sterile lines( CMS lines)
and its protocol is developed( Rongbai and Pandey,1998).

Technique was used to obtain improved TGMS UPRI 95167 from F1 plants in single year as compared to 6-7
generations needed generally.

Line is registered with NBPGR,N. Delhi for the trait.
18
Future prospects
19
Hybrid Rice : New opportunities
1.High price of rice.
2.Expansion of boro rice area due to shallow
tubewll development
3.Continued technological progress
4.Expanded possibilities for public-private
partnerships
5.Rising demand for rice from Africa
20
Hybrid rice suitability in Asia
Low to medium
High
India (Bihar,
Chhattisgarh, Orissa)
High
Bangladesh
China
Indonesia
Philippines
Vietnam
Population
density
Low
Low
Medium to high
Cambodia
Laos
Myanmar
Thailand
Low
Malaysia
India (Andhra Pradesh
Tamilnadu )
High
Rice irrigated area (%)
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A. Enhance yield heterosis level
1. Exploiting sub-species heterosis : Indica /NPT
In indica growing regions: Exploit Indica/ NPT hybrids with use of
WC & TGMS traits, 20-30 % yield advantage over best three lines
hybrid
Apply biotechnology for parent selection (heterosis groups/ gene
pools)
22
•
Eui gene for panicle exsertion
•
Biotic stress resistance BLB, Blast, BPH etc.
•
Stigma exsertion
•
Exploit gene for wide compatibility and
TGMS traits.
•
Introgress yields QTL’s for high yeilds.
23
Exploit yield QTL’s – from wild species, O.rufipogon, yld 1
& 2 , single QTL’s has increased yield by 18%
Introgress trait with high grain number per panicle. (270)
24
B. Improve yields of hybrid rice seed production
Performance of hybrid seed production
in tropical countries
Yield (kg/ha)
Country
Mean
Range
India
1,600
1,000 – 4,500
Vietnam
2,000
1,500 – 3,500
Philippines
810 (04DS)
600 – 2,000
Bangladesh
800
600 – 2,000
Indonesia
500
300 – 1,600
2,750
1,500 – 6,000
China
25
Hybrid Rice Seed
Production
Issues &
Strategies
26
Issues with Public Bred Hybrid Seed Production

Higher hybrid seed
cost - Lower hybrid seed yield

Synchronization problem

Ideal location / season not identified

Higher production input cost

Parental line susceptibility to biotic stress.
Genetic Purity of Hybrid seed
 bred hybrids by State/Central Government departments.
 Inadequate training and technology transferProblem of non-availability of N/s and
B/s of parental lines on sustainable basis.
 Purity of foundation seed stock of parental lines
 Lack of rolling plan for five years for multiplication of public
 Poor integration of research, seed production and technology transfer- poor technical
dissemination.
 Inadequate sensitization of administrators / policy makers
Proposed plan for hybrid rice seed production of
India for next five years
1. Total area under rice (wet and dry seasons) – 44 m.ha.
2. Present area under hybrid rice ( 2009 ) – 3.0%
( 1.32 m.ha.)
3. Additional rice production due to hybrid area – 2.0 - 2.5 m.mt.
4. Now with 20 % national target for five years – 8.8 m.ha.
5. To achieve this gigantic task we require following
I. Hybrid seed ( C/S ) required
– 1,32,000 tons
II. Area requirement for its production -
(@ 15kgs/ha.)
1.05 m.ha. (@ 1.25
tonn/ha)
III.It would produce significantly towards the food
28
Certified seed production
Parent
Seed Requirement
Area
Female parent
1575 tons @ 15 kg/ha
787.5 ha @2 t/ha
Male parent
528 tons @ 05 kg/ha
141.8 ha @3.7 t/ha
Breeder seed foundation
Parent
Seed Requirement
Area
Female parent
A-Line
1182 kg
5.95 ha @2 t/ha
Male parent
B-Line
3937.5 kg @ 05 kg/ha
1.07 ha @3.7 t/ha
Male parent
R-Line
2127 kg
1.06 ha @3.7 t/ha
@ 15 kg/ha
@ 15 kg/ha
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Exploit Public-Private Partnership
MOUs with Private Seed Companies
Hybrid
Developed by
MOU with no.
of companies
DRRH-2
DRR, Hyderabad
04
Pusa RH-10
IARI, New Delhi
10
Pant Shanker Dhan-1 & 3
GBPUAT, Pantnagar
01
CORH-3
TNAU, Coimbatore
01
Ajay & Rajalakshmi
CRRI, Cuttack
03
KRH-2
UAS, Mandya
01
Sahyadri-1
BSKKV, Karjat
01
JRH-4, JRH-5
JNKV, Jabalpur
01
30
Better management can improve yields of hybrid
seed production
In Asia
In United Sates
31
Improved agronomic management
Seed yield m-2
No. of panicles m-2
In the nursery and field ensured higher number of panicles/hill and
hybrid seed yield of A / R / production of PSD-3 (Pooled mean)
Management Treatments
V10
V11
V8
V2
V1
15
25
15
25
50
Kg N/ha with splits
150
150
150
150
100 basal
Kg N/ha (Splits)
210(4)
180(4)
180(4)
150(4)
120(3)
F1 seed yield tons/ha
4.34
4.18
4.08
3.73
1.64
Restorer
yield(t/ha)
7.82
7.24
7.65
7.30
5.92
Nursery
Fields
Seed rate
(g/m2)
Pandey et-al (2008)
Exploitation of TGMS and apomictic traits
TGMS lines developed in India
SN
Centre
TGMS Line
Special Features
1.
Coimbatore
CBTS-0248
Mid-Early duration
Good stigma exsertion
CBTS-0252
Medium, good stigma exsertion
DRR-SS
Medium duration, Mid-Early duration, good quality
DRR-135
Medium duration, Good grain quality, good stigma
exsertion
MTUS-22
Long duration, good quality
MTUS-27
Medium duration, good stigma exsertion
UPRI-97-58
Early duration, good stigma exsertion
UPRI-97-59
Early duration, good quality
* UPRI 95-140
Early, good plant type, possess WC gene
* UPRI 95-167
Early duration, good plant type, LS grain, possess WC
gene
2
3.
4.
Hydrabad
Maruteru
Pantnagar
Apomictic rice : It would lead to large scale
adoption of hybrid rice and real social revolution.33
Progress in development of
Two-line hybrids
- China
- 1991
- 20,000 ha
- 2002
- 2.6 m ha (18% of area under hybrid rice)
- 5-10% higher yield advantage (Yuan, 2004)
- India
-
Yield gain was 12.7 to 30.4% higher than Jaya
- In AICRIP trials, hybrid UPRTGH 332 yielded 14.6%
higher over best three line hybrid, Pant Sankar Dhan 1
(30 loc mean)
- 18.8% higher than best inbred check
Out of 44 M Hect. Area of Rice in India, 9 states
occupy 83.2% of total acreage (37.44 M.Hect.) and
remaining states do not have sizeable acreage.
State
Area in M. Hectares
West Bengal
6.15
Utter Pradesh
5.93
Madhya Pradesh /
Chhattisgarh
5.35
Bihar / Jharkhand
5.30
Andhra Pradesh
4.13
Punjab / Haryana
2.60
Tamil Nadu
2.16
Karnataka
1.44
TOTAL 37.66 M.Hect
35
1. Tap the potential of North Indian states.
 Yield level of local varieties – 2.5 tons/ha.
 Hybrid average yields – 6.25 – 7.5 tons/ha
 Every year, area under local varieties is getting
converted into hybrid rice area.
2. Concentrate West Bengal adjoining to Bangladesh. It has
an area of 6.15 M.ha. ( the highest in country ) but
unfortunately hybrids have not made any dent yet.
3. Target Southern states of India (viz Orissa, A.P., Karnataka
& Tamil Nadu) : Area of 12.33 M. ha..
 Coverage of area under hybrid is negligible.
 Long duration hybrids with higher yield & non-aromatic
type will be desired. Identified new hybrid 27P11 in
ACRIP workshop at Anand in April,2010 for states of
36
A.P. & Tamilnadu.
•
Most seed growers demand advances against growing, which range
from Rs. 25,000 to Rs. 50,000 per hectare (555 $ to 1111 $)
•
There is urgent need to minimize time for processing, packing, and
testing after harvest and its dispatches to long destinations across
the country. Dormancy also is a big hurdle in making seed
availability in time. Financial support is therefore, very crucial for
processing plants.
•
A very exorbitant cost of GA-3 (Rs. 13250 per Kg) (295 $) in hybrid
seed production is another bottle neck to growers. Government
should come to the rescue of seed industry by making it available at
cheaper price.
37
Many companies would like to have buffer
stocking as planned carry over in the
previous seasons, so that early markets can
be fed with such seeds, otherwise fresh
production can never be made available in
time. This require lot of funds for creating
such facilities.
38
 Hybrid rice has great prospects for promotion in years
ahead. It has been expanding @ 20% pa for the last three
years. Present market size is 18,500 m.t.
 In next five years ( 2014-15, ) 3 million ha. area could be
covered
 It would need 46,000 tons hybrid seed @ 15 kg/ha seed
rate
 500 crore value of F1 seed
 Tremendous challenge to rice researchers/planners
/farmers and seed growers
 Advances in conventional breeding and biotechnology are
to be merged to get super hybrids and super seed
production yield technology.
Thank you
Presented
by
Prof. M.P. Pandey,
Vice Chancellor
Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur INDIA
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