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Today: Intro to Animals Skills needed for the exams: http://wisdomquarterly.blogspot.com/2008/07/painful-facts-dukkha.html Skills needed for the exams: 1. Understand material from lecture. Quizzes can help diagnose. Be self-critical and skeptical. http://wisdomquarterly.blogspot.com/2008/07/painful-facts-dukkha.html Skills needed for the exams: 1. Understand material from lecture. 2. Be able to apply the information. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lDbSbOsoRnY Skills needed for the exams: 2. Be able to apply the information. Lecture is presented linearly, but applying the information may mean seeing it nonlinearly. http://wisdomquarterly.blogspot.com/2008/07/painful-facts-dukkha.html Skills needed for the exams: 3. Communicate what you know. If I answered your question with what you wrote down, would it make sense? http://wisdomquarterly.blogspot.com/2008/07/painful-facts-dukkha.html Skills needed for the exams: 1. Understand material from lecture. 2. Be able to apply the information. 3. Communicate what you know. http://www.mac-pac.org/temp/motivation.html Global area planted with GM crops Texas=70ha http://www.gmo-compass.org/eng/agri_biotechnology/gmo_planting/257.global_gm_planting_2006.html And http://www.monsanto.com.au/_images/global_area_chart.gif Have GMO's been beneficial, and what are the risks? We have genetically modified both plants and domesticated animals... What about humans? Fig 20.22 Using viruses to add genes to humans The material cost will soon be ~$1,000 to sequence a complete human genome at a consumer cost of ~$5,000 http://www.nature.com/news/2008/081006/full/news.2008.1151.html As with computer technology, the plunging cost of DNA sequencing has opened new applications in science and medicine. Graph: ADAPTED FROM GRAPH PROVIDED BY JEFFREY SCHLOSS/NHGRI GENE SEQUENCING: The Race for the $1000 Genome (17 March 2006) R Service Science 311:1544 - 1546 How close are we to picking our offspring? Karyomapping is a new technique developed at a British fertility clinic can test for 15,000 known genetic disorders. It takes DNA from 8-day-old in vitro fertilized embryos as well as from the parents and possibly other relatives. The test costs ~$2,300. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/7688299.stm How close are we to picking our offspring? “…the test could also be used, more controversially, to detect a genetic profile which showed a susceptibility to conditions such as heart disease or cancer.” http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/7688299.stm When does picking the ‘best’ become choosing traits? Sex ratio in China, est. 2008 at birth: 1.11 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.13 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.06 male(s)/female Compare to U.S. at birth 1.05 male(s)/female http://www.indexmundi.com/china/demographics_profile.html When does picking the ‘best’ become choosing traits? What ‘abnormality’ might a parent choose? One study found that each inch above average may be worth $789 more in salary per year. Journal of Applied Psychology T. Judge and D. Cable (Vol. 89, No. 3). Animals Life as we know it… Fig 26.21 One important consideration of structure and function…surface area http://www.celebratebig.com/chile/index3.htm Nalca leaves One important consideration of structure and function…surface area Fig 40.3 Why is surface area so critical? Animals (and plants) must exchange various components with the environment Fig 40.4 Organisms are organized: atoms molecules organelles cells organisms tissues organs systems Fig 1.4 Fig 40.5 Four major tissue types in animals: epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous Fig 40.5 Epithelieal tissue: Covers and lines body and/or parts. Tightly packed cells. Fig 40.5 Connective tissue: Holds and supports. Few cells with an extensive extracellular matrix. Muscle tissue: Movement. Long muscle fibers cells. Nerve tissue: Signaling. Generally long cells, neurons. Fig 40.5 Fig 40.5 Different tissues that comprise the stomach, an organ. Next: the Nervous System Fig 48.3