Transcript Warm-up - Tedeschi

Heredity Notes
What do you think?
Left Side of Notebook
-How would you
describe this person to
someone. Be specific.
-NO talking- Write your
answer in your
notebook!
A trait is the way you look, the way you
behave or the way your body works.
- Each trait is controlled by your
genes.
- Parents pass along these traits
through a process called heredity.
The outward appearance of that
gene is called the phenotype (looks)
and is shown by using descriptors .
hair color
For example: Black hair,
blue eyes
The genes that your parents give you
are called genotype (genes) and is
shown by using letters to represent
the traits.
Hair color
For example: Black hair
can use represented with
a B or a b.
Genotype or Phenotype Practice
- Look at each example on your notes and
decide if it is Genotype (g) or phenotype (p)
Genotype or Phenotype Practice
1- blue eyes
2- GG
3- purple flowers
4- Hh
5- tt
6- brown eyes
7- gg
8- right handed
9- rr
10- curly hair
Traits- Can be dominant or recessive
- A dominant trait is one
that is seen while a
recessive trait is hidden.
- An example of a dominant
trait is brown eyes and
blue eyes are recessive.
Traits- Can be dominant or recessive
• Dominant Trait
– Represented by a capital letter
•Example:
B for brown eyes
• Recessive Trait
– Represented by a lowercase letter
•Example:
b for blue eyes
Dominant or Recessive Practice
- Look at each genotype and phenotype and
determine if the trait is dominant (D) or
recessive (R).
Determine if the genotypes
below (letters) is dominant
(D) or recessive (R).
Determine if the phenotypes
below (looks) is dominant
(D) or recessive (R).
Purple (P) is Dominant
to pink (p)
Brown eyes (B) is
dominant to blue eyes (b)
1- PP
2-Pp
3-pp
1- Brown eyes2- Brown eyes3- Blue eyes-
Alleles
- Each trait that you have is
shown with 2 letters (BB or
Bb or bb) these are called
alleles.
BB or Bb
bb
WHAT ARE ALLELES? An allele is different
version of a gene
Eye color gene:
brown allele
Eye color gene:
blue allele
o Body cells have two forms of ALLELES for a
single gene (you got one from Mom and one
from Dad)
What is seen and what is hidden?
- If there is even 1 capital letter
present in the genotype than
the dominant trait is seen.
- Ex: BB or Bb
Alleles could be BB or Bb.
What is seen and what is hidden?
- The only way to have a
recessive trait is for both
alleles to be recessive or
lowercase.
Alleles could only be bb.
- Ex: bb
Dominant or recessive Practice
- Look at each genotypes below and determine
if the trait is dominant or recessive.
Dominant or recessive Practice
1- ee
2- GG
3- Ee
4- Hh
5- tt
6- hh
7- gg
8- Dd
9- rr
10- TT
Homozygous and Heterozygous
- If the genotype (letters) has
2 of the same letters (BB or
bb) then it is called
homozygous.
- The prefix homo meansSame. The letters are the
same.
- Ex: BB or bb
Alleles could be BB.
Alleles could be bb.
Homozygous and Heterozygous
- If the genotype (letters) has 2
of different letters (Bb) then it
is called heterozygous.
Alleles could be Bb.
- The prefix hetero meansdifferent. The letters are
different.
- Ex: Bb
Heterozygous or Homozygous
Practice
- Look at each example on your notes and
decide if it is Homozygous (Ho) or
Heterozygous (He).
Heterozygous or Homozygous
Practice
1- Gg
2- GG
3- rr
4- Hh
5- tt
6- Tt
7- gg
8- Rr
9- rr
10- RR
Using all the terms you can fully describe
an organism.
- For Example:
- Dash is homozygous recessive
for blue eyes (bb) and blonde
hair (gg).
Using all the terms you can fully describe
an organism.
- For Example:
- Mom has brown hair which
could be heterozygous (Bb)
dominant or homozygous (BB)
dominant.
How do we this information?
- Scientists use this
information to help
determine what the
offspring of two parents
will look like.
Punnett Squares
- By knowing the
genotype of the parents
we can predict the
possible ways an
offspring will look.
Punnett Squares
Step 1
- Draw a box divided into
4 squares or use the
squares provided.
Punnett Squares
Step 2
- Put 1 parents genotype
along the top.
- Put the other parents
genotype along the side.
- Ex:
- Parent 1 BB
- Parent 2 Bb
B
Parent 1- BB B
Parent 2- Bb
b
B
Punnett Squares Practice
- Set up all your Punnett
squares.
- Remember that 1 parent
goes on top and one
along the side.
Punnett Squares
1- Bb and bb
2-bb and bb
3-BB and BB
4-RR and rr
5-rr and rr
6-Rr and Rr
Punnett Squares
1- Bb and bb
B
2-bb and bb
b
b
3-BB and BB
B
b
b
b
B
b
b
B
r
r
B
4-RR and rr
5-rr and rr
6-Rr and Rr
R
r
R
R
r
r
r
R
r
r
Punnett Squares
Step 3
- Begin with the genotypes
on top.
- Each top letter can ONLY
move straight down into
a square.
B
B
B
B
B
B
Punnett Squares
Step 4
- Move on to the genotypes
on the side.
- Each side letter can ONLY
move straight across into a
square.
B
B
BB
b
Bb
B
BB
Bb
Punnett Squares Practice
- Now that you have all
your parents in the right
place cross the rest of
the Punnett Squares.
Punnett Squares
1- Bb and bb
B
b
b
b
r
r
2-bb and bb
b
b
bb
Bb
bb
b
B
B
BB
BB
BB
BB
B
b
Bb
3-BB and BB
bb
bb
bb
bb
B
4-RR and rr
5-rr and rr
6-Rr and Rr
R
r
r
R
r
rr
rr
RR
Rr
rr
rr
Rr
rr
R
r
Rr
Rr
Rr
Rr
r
R
r
Punnett Squares Step 5
Determine genotypes and phenotypes created
1-Bb and bb
B
b
bb
B= Brown Eyes
b= Blue Eyes
bb
Genotypes: Bb, bb
Phenotype: 2 brown eyes, 2 blue eyes
b
Bb
b
Bb
2-bb and bb
b
b
b
b
bb
bb
B= Brown Eyes
b= Blue Eyes
bb
bb
Genotypes: bb
Phenotype: 4 blue eyes
3-BB and BB
B
B
B
BB
BB
B= Brown Eyes
b= Blue Eyes
BB
BB
Genotypes: BB
Phenotype: 4 Brown eyes
B
4-RR and rr
r
r
R
R
Rr
Rr
R= Red flowers
r= White flowers
Rr
Rr
Genotypes: Rr
Phenotype: 4 Red Flowers
5-rr and rr
r
r
rr
rr
rr
rr
r
r
R= Red flowers
r= White flowers
Genotypes: rr
Phenotype: 4 White flowers
6-Rr and Rr
R
r
R
r
RR
Rr
Rr
rr
R= Red flowers
r= White flowers
Genotypes: RR, Rr, rr
Phenotype: 3 Red, 1 White
Fully describe an organism
Step 6
1-Bb and bb
B
b
bb
B= Brown Eyes
b= Blue Eyes
bb
Genotypes: Bb, bb
Phenotype: 2 brown eyes, 2 blue eyes
b
Bb
b
Bb
Bb- Heterozygous Dominant Brown
bb- Homozygous Recessive Blue
2-bb and bb
b
b
b
b
bb
bb
B= Brown Eyes
b= Blue Eyes
bb- Homozygous Recessive Blue
bb
bb
Genotypes: bb
Phenotype: 4 blue eyes
3-BB and BB
B
B
B
BB
BB
B= Brown Eyes
b= Blue Eyes
BB
BB
Genotypes: BB
Phenotype: 4 Brown eyes
B
BB- Homozygous Dominant Brown
4-RR and rr
r
r
R
R
Rr
Rr
R= Red flowers
r= White flowers
Rr
Rr
Genotypes: Rr
Phenotype: 4 Red Flowers
Rr- Heterozygous Dominant Red
5-rr and rr
r
r
rr
rr
rr
rr
r
r
R= Red flowers
r= White flowers
rr- Homozygous Recessive White
Genotypes: rr
Phenotype: 4 White flowers
6-Rr and Rr
R
R
r
r
RR
Rr
Rr
rr
R= Red flowers
r= White flowers
RR- Homozygous Dominate Red
Rr- Heterozygous Dominate Red
rr- Homozygous Recessive White
Genotypes: RR, Rr, rr
Phenotype: 3 Red, 1 White
Monster Genetics
- Using your notes to
determine the genetics
of Mike and Sully.
- Make sure to READ all
DIRECTIONS!!!
- Due Tomorrow!