Transcript 1. Below is a picture that illustrates the movement of water. What

1. Below is a picture that illustrates the movement of water. What should
you add to the picture to show a more complete view of the movement
of water? Be sure to label the items you add to the picture.
1. Below is a picture that illustrates the movement of water. What should you add to the
picture to show a more complete view of the movement of water? Be sure to label the
items you add to the picture.
THE SUN:
The sun drives the water cycle. Without the
sun, there would be no water cycle.
1. Below is a picture that illustrates the movement of water. What should you add to the
picture to show a more complete view of the movement of water? Be sure to label the
items you add to the picture.
GROUND WATER:
Water that is soaked into the soil.
This may stay in the ground for a period of time, or become a
part of a nearby lake or stream.
1. Below is a picture that illustrates the movement of water. What should you add to the
picture to show a more complete view of the movement of water? Be sure to label the
items you add to the picture.
RUNOFF:
Water that is elevated (like water on a hill or
mountain) will run off down the land, eventually working it’s
way into a stream or river.
1. Below is a picture that illustrates the movement of water. What should you add to the
picture to show a more complete view of the movement of water? Be sure to label the
items you add to the picture.
TRANSPIRATION:
Water that has been taken in by
plants, is then released (just as people sweat) from that
plant.
4 & 5. DRAW A DIAGRAM to show and use words to DESCRIBE
the difference in the amount of energy of the particles AND
the spacing between the particles in a solid, a liquid, and a
gas. You may use labels in your diagram.
SOLID
LIQUID
GAS
4 & 5. DRAW A DIAGRAM to show and use words to DESCRIBE
the difference in the amount of energy of the particles AND
the spacing between the particles in a solid, a liquid, and a
gas. You may use labels in your diagram.
SOLID
LIQUID
GAS
The particles of a SOLID are spaced very closely together. They move,
but very little – just a simply vibration in place.
4 & 5. DRAW A DIAGRAM to show and use words to DESCRIBE
the difference in the amount of energy of the particles AND
the spacing between the particles in a solid, a liquid, and a
gas. You may use labels in your diagram.
SOLID
LIQUID
GAS
The particles of a LIQUID are spaced at a medium distance. They move,
a little – mostly back and forth. They take the shape of their container.
4 & 5. DRAW A DIAGRAM to show and use words to DESCRIBE
the difference in the amount of energy of the particles AND
the spacing between the particles in a solid, a liquid, and a
gas. You may use labels in your diagram.
SOLID
LIQUID
GAS
The particles of a GAS are spaced very far apart – enough to fill their
container. They move fast and furiously.
6. Scientists tested a new medicine (called Pavil) to see if it could cure headaches.
•
They gave three people with headaches a dose of Pavil. They gave three other
people a pill that looked like Pavil but had no medicine in it. The three people who
took Pavil reported that their headaches disappeared after 20 minutes. The three
who took the other pill reported that their headaches were no better two hours
later. Because of this work, Pavil was approved by the United States Food and
Drug Administration (FDA) as the cure for headaches.
The Food and Drug Administration should not have approved Pavil as a cure for
headaches. What should they have done?
* larger sample size – three people is not enough
* test for a variety of headache types and intensities.
* test over multiple trials.
• 7. Look at the picture below. This is a picture of a sea
breeze. Look at the movement of air shown by the
arrows. Explain WHY the air moves in this way.
* During the DAY, the land heats
faster than the water.
* The air particles above the land
are heated, become less dense,
and rise.
* As the move out over the water, they cool down, become more dense, and
sink since they are away from their heat source.
* This cooler air then sweeps in to fill the vacuum over the land.
* Then the cycle begins again.
• 8. Look at the picture below. It is now the middle of the night on the
same beach. Draw how the arrows (showing air movement) would look.
Next, explain WHY you drew the arrows the way you did.
* At NIGHT, the water is stubborn
and holds onto its heat.
* The air particles above the
water are heated, become less
dense, and rise.
* As the move out over the land, they cool down, become more dense, and sink
since they are away from their heat source.
* This cooler air then sweeps in to fill the vacuum over the water.
* Then the cycle begins again.
• Use this data to answer questions 9-12. Scientists test-drove a car for
several trials. For each trial, the same person drove the car. The data
table below contains distance and time data for the car experiment.
10. What do you think the scientists were trying to find out during the car
experiment (what was the PURPOSE of the experiment)?
To find out how the time a car is driven affects the distance the car travels.
11. What are the independent and dependent variables of the experiment?
IV: the time a car is driven
DV: the distance the car travels.
12. What are some things the scientists should keep constant so the
experiment is reliable and trustworthy?
* Car
* Driver
* Speed
*Path & Terrain
13. A Ford is sitting along the side of the road; it is not moving. What are two
forces acting on the Ford while it is sitting still? Use labeled arrows to
show the direction of each force.
GRAVITY: The force
of gravity is pushing
the car down
towards the street.
RESISTANCE: The
street is pushing
back up on the car
with an equal
amount of force.
13. A Ford is sitting along the side of the road; it is not moving. What are two
forces acting on the Ford while it is sitting still? Use labeled arrows to
show the direction of each force.
AIR PRESSURE: The force of air pressure pushing in on the
car is EQUAL to the force of air pressure pushing out from
the inside of the car.
14. Explain why scientists say “the cell is the basic unit of all living things.”
* All living things are made of cells (both single-celled AND
complex-multi-cellular-organisms).
* All cells are made from other cells.
* Once you break down the cell into individual parts (nucleus,
ribosomes, chloroplasts, mitochondria, etc), you no longer have
a self-sustaining (living) thing.
15. A single celled organism like an amoeba…
A. Needs other cells to perform the processes of life.
B. Can take in food, remove wastes and reproduce without
help from other cells.
C. is organized into complex multi-cellular structures called
tissues.
D. does not have the characteristics of living things.
16.Which statement is true of waves?
A. Waves move energy over great distances without moving
matter.
B. All waves move energy at the same speed.
C. The mass of a wave is related to the amount of energy it
carries.
D. Waves can only travel where there are particles present.
All living things must:
All living things must:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Grow
Make waste
Exchange gas
Need nutrition
Reproduce
Need water
Made of cells
Respond to stimuli
17. A hockey puck is hit along the ice. Assuming it does not bump into
anything and can move in a straight line, it will eventually stop. What
happened to the energy of movement (KE) in the puck?
*ENERGY
TRANSFERS:
Some of the energy was
transferred to the air
particles surrounding the
puck.
Some of the energy was
transferred to the ice.
*ENERGY
TRANSFORMATIONS:
Some of the energy was
transformed into heat
energy (HE).
Some of the energy was
transformed into sound
energy.
As the puck comes to a stop,
some of the energy was
transformed into gravitational
potential energy (GPE).
35. Draw a Punnett Square for this parent cross: Bb X bb
(B=Long wings, b=short wings).
B
DAD
MOM
b
b
b
35. Draw a Punnett Square for this parent cross: Bb X bb
(B=Long wings, b=short wings).
B
DAD
MOM
b
b
B b
b
35. Draw a Punnett Square for this parent cross: Bb X bb
(B=Long wings, b=short wings).
DAD
B
b
B b
b b
MOM
b
b
35. Draw a Punnett Square for this parent cross: Bb X bb
(B=Long wings, b=short wings).
B
b
b
B b
b b
b
B
DAD
MOM
b
35. Draw a Punnett Square for this parent cross: Bb X bb
(B=Long wings, b=short wings).
B
b
b
B b
b b
b
B
b b
DAD
MOM
b
20. What is the chance that Lassie has a spotted nose? Use a Punnett square
to help answer your question.
Dad
R
Mom
r
r
R r
r
20. What is the chance that Lassie has a spotted nose?
Use a Punnett square to help answer your question.
Dad
R
Mom
r
r
r
R r r r
20. What is the chance that Lassie has a spotted nose?
Use a Punnett square to help answer your question.
Dad
R
Mom
r
r
R r r r
r
R r
20. What is the chance that Lassie has a spotted nose?
Use a Punnett square to help answer your question.
Dad
R
Mom
r
r
R r r r
r
R r r r
20. What is the chance that Lassie has a spotted nose?
Use a Punnett square to help answer your question.
Dad
R
Mom
r
r
R r r r
r
R r r r
Two of the four squares show a dominant trait paired
with a recessive gene. We know that this means the
puppy will express (show) the dominant trait.
20. What is the chance that Lassie has a spotted nose?
Use a Punnett square to help answer your question.
Dad
R
Mom
r
r
R r r r
r
R r r r
Two of the four squares show two recessive genes.
We know that this means the puppy will express
(show) the recessive trait.
20. What is the chance that Lassie has a spotted nose?
Use a Punnett square to help answer your question.
Dad
R
Mom
r
r
R r r r
r
R r r r
This tells us that Lassie has a 2 out of 4 (50%) chance
of showing the dominant trait.
And a 2 out of 4 (50%) chance of showing the
recessive trait.
21. A pulley like the one below is an example of a simple machine:
How does this machine make work easier?
*It allows you to pull down instead of lifting up. This is easier on your
muscles and lets you use gravity to help you.
*It allows you to lift the object higher than you are. If the pulley is 15 feet in
the air, you can lift the object up to 15 feet in the air, even if you are only 5
feet tall.
22. & 23. Tom weighs 60 kg and is 2 m from the center of a seesaw. Gloria,
who weighs 40 kg, sits on the seesaw across from Tom. In order to
balance the seesaw, about where should Gloria sit? Explain how you got
your answer.
A
B
C
D
Since Gloria weighs LESS than
Tom, she has to sit further back on
the seesaw to balance his weight.
24. In Wilmington, DE, the average high temperature in July (summer) is 88 º F. Six months
later in January (winter) the average high temperature is 38 º F. What causes the
difference in temperatures? Be sure to discuss Earth’s revolution around the sun and
position in space.
In the summer, our hemisphere is
tilted TOWARDS the sun.
In the winter, the opposite is true.
Our hemisphere is tilted AWAY
from the sun.
This means we have MORE total
hours of light AND that light is
DIRECT light.
This means we have FEWER total
hours of light AND the light we
receive is INDIRECT.
26. You are boiling water in a large pot on the stove. If the bottom of the pot and the
handle of the pot are made of stainless steel, you might burn your hand when
the handle is touched. However, if the handle is made of plastic, you can grab
the handle without getting burned. Explain this difference.
The heat energy (HE) from the burner is transferred to the bottom of the pot.
This HE is then transferred to both the water and the handle.
26. You are boiling water in a large pot on the stove. If the bottom of the pot and the
handle of the pot are made of stainless steel, you might burn your hand when
the handle is touched. However, if the handle is made of plastic, you can grab
the handle without getting burned. Explain this difference.
Because metal is a good CONDUCTOR, the pot quickly heats up.
Since wood is a poor conductor (also called an INSULATOR), it does
not conduct or transfer heat well.
So, even if the metal pot heats up, the wooden handle will stay cool to
the touch.
26. You are boiling water in a large pot on the stove. If the bottom of the pot and the
handle of the pot are made of stainless steel, you might burn your hand when
the handle is touched. However, if the handle is made of plastic, you can grab
the handle without getting burned. Explain this difference.
26. You are boiling water in a large pot on the stove. If the bottom of the pot and the
handle of the pot are made of stainless steel, you might burn your hand when
the handle is touched. However, if the handle is made of plastic, you can grab
the handle without getting burned. Explain this difference.
Here the pan handle is metal, so it would heat up.
The spoon inside would also gain some HE. If it is a metal spoon (a good
CONDUCTOR), it will soon be too hot to touch. If it is a wooden spoon (a good
INSULATOR), the cook would be able to touch it without getting burned..
•
27. How many chromosomes are in each of
these cells?
– a body cell
46: 23 from the mom & 23 from the dad
– an egg cell
23 from the mom
– a sperm cell
23 from the dad
Hare Population 1900-1940
90
Number of Hares
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
1900
1905
1910
1915
1920
1925
1930
1935
1940
Year
28. Use data from the graph to describe the trend in the hare
population from 1900-1940.
The hare population went through a rise and fall four times between
1900 and 1940.
At it’s peak, there were 80 hares. At the lowest point, there were less
than 10 hares.
Hare Population 1900-1940
90
Number of Hares
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
1900
1905
1910
1915
1920
1925
1930
1935
1940
Year
29. Name one thing that could explain the change in the hare
population from 1935 to 1940.
* Construction (loss
of habitat)
* Hunters
* Pollution
* Drought
* Fire
* More natural
predators
* Less vegetation
(loss of food)
Hare Population 1900-1940
90
Number of Hares
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
1900
1905
1910
1915
1920
1925
1930
1935
1940
Year
30. Predict how the graph would appear in 1945. Explain your
prediction.
The population should increase, slowly at first then more
rapidly, until it reaches a total population of 80 hares.
31. Study the picture below. Identify one structure (body part)
on the deer that gives it an advantage for survival. Describe
how this structure is an advantage.
Horns: They help the deer to fight.
He can fight other male deer to
become dominant and earn a chance
to reproduce.
Hooves: The help the deer to move
faster.
These allow him to run faster on soft
ground (like grass and in praries).
32. When you are asked to use the particle model to explain your
answer, what 3 things must you include in your answer?
* Spacing between the particles
* The amount of energy the particles have
* Speed of particles
34. Compare and Contrast the terms: Energy Transformation
and Energy Transfer
Energy TransFER:
When the energy moves from
one object to another object.
EX: KE transferring from the
pendulum to the surrounding
air particles.
Energy TransFORMATION:
When the energy changes
form.
EX: KE transforming to GPE
as the pendulum swings
higher.
36. What is the function/job/duty of the following cell parts:
chloroplasts, mitochondria, nucleus.
CHLOROPLASTS: Only found in plant cells. Allow the cell to
transform sunlight into food.
MITOCHONDRIA: The powerhouse of the cell. These provide
the energy needed. (Like batteries)
NUCLEUS: The brain of the cell. This sends the directions for
the cell to follow. (Like a boss)
37. What’s the difference between sexual reproduction and
asexual reproduction?
SEXUAL REPRODUCTION
ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION
Requires BOTH a male
(sperm) and a female (egg).
Only one organism
necessary (divides to make
a copy of itself).
37. What’s the difference between sexual reproduction and
asexual reproduction?
SEXUAL REPRODUCTION
BOTH a male (sperm) and a
female (egg).
ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION
ONE parent cell divides to
make a copy of itself.
Baby has EXACTLY THE SAME
genes as parent – a CLONE!
Baby is a MIX of parents genes
Populations of organisms that
reproduce SEXUALLY…
• inherit a wider variety of traits
or characteristics
• can better survive changes in
the environment
• can ADAPT to environmental
challenges better.
Populations of organisms
that reproduce
ASEXUALLY…
• can reproduce really fast
• have no variety of traits or
characteristics
• may have a lower chance
of surviving changes in the
environment
Test Taking Tips
• Prepare early – get a good night’s sleep, eat a healthy
breakfast, and relax.
• Take your time – read through each question
carefully.
• Answer all questions first, then GO BACK…
• Check your work
• Revisit and re-try the harder ones…you may
remember something.