Transcript 1.4 Biologists` Tools and Technology

1.4 Biologists’ Tools and Technology
KEY CONCEPT
Technology continually changes the way biologists
work.
1.4 Biologists’ Tools and Technology
Imaging technologies provide new views of life.
• A microscope provides an enlarged image of an object.
– light microscopes (LM)
– Use light to produce an image
– Magnify up to 1500x
– Produce 2D image
– Can view living or preserved specimens
stoma
1.4 Biologists’ Tools and Technology
Imaging technologies provide new views of life.
• A microscope provides an enlarged image of an object.
– light microscopes (LM)
– Use light to produce an image
– Magnify up to 1500x
– Produce 2D image
– Can view living or preserved specimens
– scanning electron microscopes (SEM)
– Use electrons to produce an image
– Magnify up to 100,000x
– Produce 3D image
– View preserved specimens in a vacuum
stoma
1.4 Biologists’ Tools and Technology
Imaging technologies provide new views of life.
• A microscope provides an enlarged image of an object.
– light microscopes (LM)
– Use light to produce an image
– Magnify up to 1500x
– Produce 2D image
– Can view living or preserved specimens
– scanning electron microscopes (SEM)
– Use electrons to produce an image
– Magnify up to 100,000x
– Produce 3D image
– View preserved specimens in a vacuum
– transmission electron microscopes (TEM)
stoma
1.4 Biologists’ Tools and Technology
• Imaging technology is used in medicine.
– X-ray images
– Show dense material
1.4 Biologists’ Tools and Technology
• Imaging technology is used in medicine.
– X-ray images
– Show dense tissue
– magnetic
resonance
imaging (MRI)
– Show all tissues in the
area
1.4 Biologists’ Tools and Technology
• Imaging technology is used in medicine.
– X-ray images
– Show dense tissue
– magnetic
resonance
imaging (MRI)
– Show all tissues in the
area
– functional MRI (fMRI)
– Show the areas of the
brain that function
during an activity
1.4 Biologists’ Tools and Technology
Complex systems are modeled on computers.
• Computer models are used to
study systems that cannot be
studied directly.
– heart attacks
– effect of medicines on the
human body
– movement of water molecules
into and out of a cell
– spread of a disease through a
population
• Computer models are used when
experiments are not safe, ethical,
or practical.
Normal heartbeat
Heart attack
1.4 Biologists’ Tools and Technology
The tools of molecular genetics give rise to new
biological studies.
• A gene is a segment of DNA that stores genetic
information.
• In just over 40 years we have gone from knowing how
the genetic code works, to changing genes, to
implanting genes from 1 species to another
1.4 Biologists’ Tools and Technology
• Through our understanding of DNA, we can study
genetics on a molecular level.
– molecular genetics
– Study and manipulation of DNA on a
molecular level
– genomics
– Study and comparison
of genomes within and
across species