Transcript Chapter 2 Biological and Environmental Foundations

Chapter 2
Biological and Environmental
Foundations
The Genetic Code
Chromosomes
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_______ genetic
information
Each cell in the human
body contains _____.
Cell
Figure 2.1
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DNA:
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
 _____ molecules
make up
chromosomes.
 Code for transmission
of all genetic
information
 ______ is a segment
of a DNA molecule.
Gene
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Male or Female?
 Sex is determined by whether an X-bearing or a
Y-bearing sperm (male sex cell) fertilizes the
ovum (female sex cell) .
Sperm
Ovum
X
Sperm
X
XY
Male
X
Ovum
XX
Female
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Patterns of Genetic Inheritance
 If the genes are alike, the child
is _________ and will display the
inherited trait.
 If they are different, then the
child is________, and
relationships between the genes
determine the trait that will
appear.
 _______ genes will always result
in the characteristics while
recessive genes will only have
effect if paired with another
recessive gene
 _______ some traits result from
interactions of many genes
homozygous
heterozygous
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Reproductive choices
 Genetic counseling – assess likelihood of
having a baby who has inherited
_________
 Prenatal diagnostic methods(genetic
testing):
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__________ – fluid obtained from uterus
_________ – high-frequency waves used to
obtain an image
Prenatal Diagnosis and Fetal Medicine
 Detection of ______
 Some problems can be treated before birth,
but practices are controversial.
 Today, the goal is to map chromosomes and
correct hereditary defects with genetic
repair or replacement.
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Reproductive Technologies
 _____________ - sperm from a donor is
injected into the woman
 _______________ - egg and sperm are
united in a dish
 _________- another woman is inseminated
with the father’s sperm and then delivers the
baby
 embryo adoption
 _________________________ - saving
healthy tissues for later use
 __________ - organism grown from cell of
parent and is genetically identical
ENVIRONMENTAL CONTEXTS
FOR DEVELOPMENT
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Family
Friends
School
Society
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Socioeconomic Status (SES)
and Family Functioning
 Index of a family's or individual's
social position and economic well-being.
It combines years of education,
________________________, and
income.
 Affects ____________________ of
phases of the family life cycle
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