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Cloning Tamara Borras Microcomputer Applications John Cabot University Date: Index Slide 1: What is cloning? Slide 2: How are genes cloned? Slide 3: How are genes cloned? Slide 4: What has been cloned? Slide 5: Cloning Occurs Naturally Slide 6: Disputes of Cloning Slide 7: Disputes of Cloning Cont. Slide 8: Cloning the First Human (Video) Slide 9: Bibliography Next What is Cloning? The term cloning describes a number of processes that can be used to produce genetically identical copies of a biological entity. The copied material, which has the same genetic makeup as the original, is referred to as a clone. Next How are Genes Cloned? Scientists, very often, use cloning techniques to make copies of genes that they wish to study. The procedure consists of inserting a gene from one organism, often referred to as "foreign DNA," into the genetic material of a carrier called a vector. After the gene is inserted, the vector is placed in laboratory conditions that prompt it to multiply, resulting in the gene being copied many times over Full Data Cell Growth 80 70 Cell Number 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Time Unit (Hours) Next How Are Genes Cloned? Next What Has Been Cloned? Besides cattle and sheep, other mammals that have been cloned from somatic cells include: cat, deer, dog, horse, mule, ox, rabbit and rat. Also a rhesus monkey has been cloned by embryo splitting. First lamb successfully cloned was Dolly, after 276 tries by Scottish researchers. No human clones have been recorded to this date( that we know of). Next Cloning Occurs Naturally In Bacteria via asexual reproduction In Humans and other mammals : known as twins Next Disputes of Cloning Pros Can produce better understanding of miscarriages Better understanding of genetics in general and creation of animal organs that can be accepted by humans Could reduce the risk of having a child with a disease Damage to the nervous system could be treated by cloned cells In-vitro fertilization Cloning could also provide spare parts (organs) for humans in their lifetime Cons Ethical reasons Religious persons say it is taking the role of God into our own hands Moral rights Diseases Abnormalities at birth Psychological problems of the person once it finds out it is a clones Next Disputes Continued… Full Data Next Cloning the First Human Documentary Video Next Bibliography "Pros and Cons of Cloning." Oracle ThinkQuest: Education Foundation. N.p., n.d. Web. 9 Nov 2013. <http://library.thinkquest.org/24355/data/reactions/proco nmain.html>. "Cloning." National Human Genome Research Institute. genome.gov, n.d. Web. 9 Nov 2013. <http://www.genome.gov/25020028 "Human Cloning." American Medical Association. N.p., n.d. Web. 9 Nov 2013. http://www.amaassn.org//ama/pub/physician-resources/medicalscience/genetics-molecular-medicine/related-policytopics/stem-cell-research/human-cloning.page WiseGEEK:Clear Answers for Common Questions.(20032013). What are Some Disadvantages of cloning? http://wisegeek.org/what-are-some-disadvantages-ofcloning.htm Bibliography