Transcript Geen diatitel

Development of a National Report on
Animal Genetic Resources, the
Netherlands
Experiences and outcomes
Start follow-up actions within Europe
S.J. Hiemstra (NC-Netherlands)
Caïro, 30 August 2002
•
•
•
•
•
The process
Characteristics of Dutch case
Dutch policy priorities
International priorities
Suggestions for follow-up
The process
• September 01 - September 02
• National Consultative Committee:
– chair: Ministry of Agriculture
– secretary/projectleader: NC-Neth
– 10 stake-holders
(industry, government, NGO)
• Workshop 50 persons: april 2002
The process
Good:
• involvement of NCC-stakeholders
• workshop: enthousiasm invitated stakeholders
• discussion on overall picture AnGR
Points for attention:
• approvement within Ministry: filter + time-consuming
• how to keep stake holders involved
• usefull guidelines, but do not use too strict
• difficult synthesis of many and different info
Introduction
• Report is new starting point for policy AnGR
• Limited to important farm animal species
(cattle, pigs, poultry, sheep, goats, horses)
• Primary and secundary functions of farm
animals
• Balance between rare breeds/lines/varieties
and widely used breeds/lines/varieties
Animal production in the
Netherlands
• major part of animal products is exported
• intensification and economies of scale
• further expansion limited by government
• increasing interest in ‘new’ functions of farm
animals
State of use of domestic animal
diversity
• increasing proportion of food is produced by
decreasing number of breeds
• international market for genetic resources
• increasing uniformity in global animal
production systems
• decreasing number of (inter)national breeding
firms
• genetic erosion and endangered breeds
Breeds and lines with major contribution to food production,
and with breeding population in the Netherlands
Dairy cattle
Holstein Friesian
Meuse Rhine Yssel
Dutch Friesian Black and White
Sheep
Texel
Swifter
Zeeland and Friesian dairy sheep
Beef cattle
Frentch Italian and Belgian breeds
Dairy goats
Dutch dairy goat
Broilers
White Plymouth Rock lines
White Cornish lines
Pigs
Great Yorkshire lines
Dutch Landrace lines
Laying hens
White Leghorn lines
Rhode Island Red lines
State of conservation
– Conservation by development and use
• policies of breeding organisations/certification
• genetic risk management
– In situ conservation programmes
• Rare Breed Foundation
• EU/national subsidies for rare breeds
• ‘New functions’ of old breeds
– Ex situ conservation programmes
• Gene bank / Gene Bank Foundation
Numbers of Dutch rare breeds and their status (SZH and ID-Lelystad, 2002)
1
1
2
1
1
4
2
2
1
2
6
1
3
1
2
1
1
3
4
1
23
4
1
3
4
1
1
1
1
Pigeon
Goose
Rabbit
Duck
Poultry
Sheep
Goat
Horse
Cattle
Critical, declining
Critical, stable
Critical, growing
Endangered, declining
Endangered, stable
Endangered, growing 2
Vulnerable, declining
Vulnerable, stable
1
Vulnerable, growing
2
Gene bank collections (2002)
Cattle
Horses
Groningen White Headed cattle
Deep Red cattle
Friesian Red cattle
Colourside White Back cattle
Dutch Belted cattle
Dutch Friesian cattle
Meuse Rhine Yssel cattle
Holstein Friesian cattle
Gelderland horse
Dutch Draught horse
Groningen horse
KWPN riding horse
Sheep
Poultry
Drente heath sheep
Schoonebeek sheep
Mergelland sheep
Kempen heath sheep
Veluwe heath sheep
Pigs
Over 15 breeding lines of Dutch breeding
organisations
Welsummer
Barnevelder
Drente Fowl
Friesian Fowl
North Holland Blue Fowl
Twente Fowl
Changing demands
“Lessons from the past”/Evaluation of
– EU policy
– Dutch policy on genetic resources
– Policy for ex situ conservaton
– Policy for in situ conservation
– Veterinary policy
– Other functions / policy nature/landscape
– Breeding programmes and practices
Future demands and trends
– Global developments
– European developments
– Restucturing Dutch animal production
(Robust) Trends
–
–
–
–
–
–
globalisation and regionalisation
diversification and more added value
worldwide increase in demand animal product
differentiation production systems/methods
expansion of functions for farm animals
attention to resistance and natural behaviour
(welfare)
State of national capacities
• Including government, research, education,
private sector, NGO’s
• Make more and better use of available
knowledge !
• Improve cooperation between government,
private sector, NGO’s and research !
• Limited capacity for ‘in situ’ + ‘ex situ’
• Knowledge transfer and public education
• International cooperation
National priorities
Basic principles
• Secure the existing genetic diversity
(efficient and effective)
• Primarily responsibility for Dutch diversity and
international “co-responsibility”
• Joint responsibility public-private-NGO’s
• Ex situ conservation important to conserve
genes
• Realise that international dimension has
substantial influence on conservation results
Policy priorities
Start: 2002 Dutch policy document:
Sources of Existence: Conservation and the
sustainable use of genetic diversity
• measures towards conservation
• promoting sustainable application possibilities
• cooperation towards fair benefit sharing
Policy priorities (1)
• Establishment of
Platform Genetic Resources
• Coordinating
Veterinary and biodiversity policies
• Stimulating in situ conservation of rare breeds
incl. nature and landscape management
Policy priorities (2)
• Stimulating Ex Situ Conservation (Gene
Bank)
• Monitoring and characterisation
• Development of knowledge and technology
• Transparancy in breeding policies
Policy priorities (3)
• Valuation of genetic diversity
• Raising awareness
• Stimulating desirable production systems
International/ European
collaboration
Suggestions for cooperation:
•
•
•
•
•
•
regional analysis of SoW country reports
‘in situ’ conservation and breed development
gene bank development
characterisation and valuation of breeds
improve veterinary policies (and other)
research and technology development
In situ conservation and breed
development
• Policy and technical level
• Regional (cross-border) breed- and marketdevelopment
• Exchange of experiences/knowledge and
information on ‘in situ management’
• Characterisation and valuation
• Further development of criteria for (subsidy
for) rare breeds
Ex situ conservation (Gene Bank)
• Organisational/management aspects
• Legal aspects: ownership and access to
collections
• Material transfer protocols/agreements
• Intake procedures and material aquisition
agreement
• Exchange knowledge and experiences
• Optimization cryo-conservation protocols and
maximizing diversity with minimum intake.
• Veterinary aspects
Veterinary policy
• Exceptions in eradication programmes
• Veterinary status of gene bank material
• (Inter)national exchange and use of valuable
genetic material with lower veterinary status
• Regional or international distribution
• Rescue plan (international) in case of
emergencies