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Cells and Inheritance Gaiser Life Science Know Cells and Inheritance Do you think heredity factors are carried on body cells or sex cells? Explain your answer. Evidence Page 40 Clarifying ?s Cells and Inheritance Information Walter Sutton & Theodore Boveri American geneticists who proposed in 1902 that heredity factors are carried by chromosomes from one generation to the next Chromosome Theory of Inheritance - Genes are carried from parents to offspring on chromosomes. Meosis - The number of chromosomes are reduced to half to form sex cells – sperm and egg. Chromosome pairs separate and are distributed to 2 different cells. The new cells have half as many chromosomes as body cells. How? DNA - The nitrogen based order on the gene forms genetic code that specifies what type of protein is produced from only 20 amino acids. protein synthesis - Cell produces protein and info from specific genes to produce specific proteins Page 41 Clarifying ?s How? Cells and Inheritance Information Messenger RNA copies and carries genetic code from the nucleus into the cytoplasm. Then transfer RNA carries amino acid and adds it to the growing protein. mutation - Ribonucleic acid has a uracil amino acid that replaces thymine. RNA molecules that resemble DNA, carry protein info for protein production in the cell. - any change that happens in a gene or chromosome Where? 1. During DNA replication process RNA 2. When chromosomes don’t separate properly effects FYI 1. helpful 2. harmful 3. neutral Example: disease resistant vegetables Example: body cell mutations that cause cancer Example: an extra toe Body cell mutations affect only the person with the mutation. Example: cancer Sex cell mutations are passed from parent to offspring Example: hemophilia or sickle cell anemia Summary: Page 42 Clarifying ?s Cells and Inheritance Information Walter Sutton & Theodore Boveri American geneticists who proposed in 1902 that heredity factors are carried by chromosomes from one generation to the next Chromosome Theory of Inheritance - Genes are carried from parents to offspring on chromosomes. Meosis - The number of chromosomes are reduced to half to form sex cells – sperm and egg. Chromosome pairs separate and are distributed to 2 different cells. The new cells have half as many chromosomes as body cells. How? DNA - The nitrogen based order on the gene forms genetic code that specifies what type of protein is produced from only 20 amino acids. protein synthesis - Cell produces protein and info from specific genes to produce specific proteins Page 41 Clarifying ?s How? Cells and Inheritance Information Messenger RNA copies and carries genetic code from the nucleus into the cytoplasm. Then transfer RNA carries amino acid and adds it to the growing protein. mutation - Ribonucleic acid has a uracil amino acid that replaces thymine. RNA molecules that resemble DNA, carry protein info for protein production in the cell. - any change that happens in a gene or chromosome Where? 1. During DNA replication process RNA 2. When chromosomes don’t separate properly effects FYI 1. helpful 2. harmful 3. neutral Example: disease resistant vegetables Example: body cell mutations that cause cancer Example: an extra toe Body cell mutations affect only the person with the mutation. Example: cancer Sex cell mutations are passed from parent to offspring Example: hemophilia or sickle cell anemia Summary: Page 42 This PowerPoint was created from Charlene Shea’s lecture notes by Tim Paterek. It is copyrighted and may not be reproduced outside the Vancouver School District. All pictures came from Google Image Search. To fall within the Fair Use Guidelines, this PowerPoint must be used within the confines of the classroom and may not be published back onto the Internet unless the pictures are removed.