Transcript Sexual vs. Asexual Reproduction

Genetics: Why we are
the way We are.
GENE – code for a specific
trait
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http://science.howstuffworks.co
m/life/cellularmicroscopic/cell7.htm
EPISD Standards Based Curriculum 2013-2014
DNA - genetic material that
carries information about the
organism
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vicepatentattorneys.co
m/2012/12/articles/dis
cussion-on-the-genepatent-debate/
EPISD Standards Based Curriculum 2013-2014
CHROMOSOME – a threadlike
cellular structure that carries genetic
information
Image taken from
http://www.futurity.o
rg/tag/chromosome/
EPISD Standards Based Curriculum 2013-2014
NUCLEUS – control center of
the cell that direct’s the cells
activities
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http://www.buzzle
.com/articles/cellnucleus-structureandfunctions.html
EPISD Standards Based Curriculum 2013-2014
CELL – the basic unit of structure and
function in living things
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x5.org/glossary/ce
lls.html
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Image taken from
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edu.au/book/export/html/
91
• There are 100 trillion
cells inside the average
human. Each nucleus
contains 46 chromosomes
or 23 pairs
EPISD Standards Based Curriculum 2013-2014
• One
chromosome in
every pair comes
from each parent
•The
chromosomes
contain tightly
coiled strands
of DNA
•Genes are
sections of DNA
that contain the
codes for building
proteins.
Sexual Reproduction
EPISD Standards Based Curriculum 2013-2014
vs
Asexual Reproduction
Sexual Reproduction
 Sexual Reproduction
 Two parents
 Sex cells: sperm and egg
 Sperm and egg join= fertilization
 Offspring look different from
parent
EPISD Standards Based Curriculum 2013-2014
Asexual Reproduction
 Asexual Reproduction
 One parent
 No sex cells
 Offspring produced by cell division
 Offspring identical to parent (same
DNA)
 Several types in plants and animals
EPISD Standards Based Curriculum 2013-2014
Types of Asexual
Reproduction
 Binary Fission
 Organism divides in half
 Two identical daughter cells
produced
 Daughter cells are half the parent’s
size
 Daughter cells grow, then divide too
 Ex: bacteria
EPISD Standards Based Curriculum 2013-2014
Types of Asexual
Reproduction
 Budding
 Small bud grows out of parent cell
 Two different sized cells made (with
identical DNA)
 Bud breaks off and grows
 Ex: yeast and hydra
EPISD Standards Based Curriculum 2013-2014
Sexual vs. Asexual Reproduction
Type of
Reproduction
Sexual
Asexual
Advantages
Disadvantages
diversity of offspring
requires a mate to
reproduce
offspring less like to have
mutations show up
slower population growth
does not require a mate
for reproduction to take
place
lack of diversity in
offspring
can increase population
rapidly
reproduce genetically
identical to parents, the
offspring inherit any
mutations of the parents
EPISD Standards Based Curriculum 2013-2014