Transcript Introduction to DNA - University of Dayton

Introduction to DNA
Question:
• From your on-line computer activity, what
do you know about the structure of DNA?
Structure of DNA
• DNA is a polymer of what????
Nuclotides!
There are two types of bases:
Adenine & Guanine
(A&G)=
Thymine & Cytosine
( T & C) =
There are two types of bases:
Intro to DNA
• Chromosomes exist
in “matching pairs” in
the nucleus of a cell
• Scientists call the
matching pairs
“homologous pairs”.
• In every human body
cell, there are 23
homologous pairs of
chromosomes.
Example of a human Karyotype
IN HUMANS
Pair # 1- 22 =
“autosomes”
Pair #23 =
“Sex chromosomes”
* XX =
* XY =
Karyotype
• What does the prefix
“homo” mean?
• How are homologs
similar?
#1
#2
#3
#4
Karyotype
Q: How are homologs
different????
• GENE –
A:
IMPORTANT !!
• All 46 chromosomes
are present in every
human body cell!!!
 Therefore
• All 30,000 genes
pairs which make up
a human are in every
human body cell!
IMPORTANT !!
• Genome –
• *** Every body cell of an organism
contains its entire genome !!!! *****