Transcript Chapter 11 Test Review

Chapter 11 Test Review
Match the Scientists
• 1. Mendel
• 2. Morgan
• 3. Sturtevant
•
A. recombination
helps make map
B. alleles segregate
C. some genes linked
Match the Scientists
• 1. Mendel
B. alleles segregate
• 2. Morgan
C. genes linked
3. Sturtevant
•
A. recombination
helps make map
4. What is fertilization?
• Process of sexual reproduction
• Joining egg + sperm
• Joining egg and pollen
What is true-breeding and hybrid?
• 5. True-breeding = E. offspring are
identical to parents
• 6. Hybrid = D. offspring are of parents of
different traits
7. Genes are____:
• F. the location on a chromosome for
a trait
PUNNETT PRACTICE
• p.3 Dihybrid Cross
• What are the parental genotypes?
• Heterozygous running, heterozygous
black mouse
• Homozygous running, homozygous
black mouse
PUNNETT PRACTICE
• p.3 Dihybrid Cross
• What are the parental genotypes?
• Heterozygous running, heterozygous
black mouse RrBb
• Homozygous running, homozygous
black mouse RRBB
PUNNETT PRACTICE
• Dihybrid Cross
• How many boxes to you
need for a dihybrid cross?
• ANSWER:
• 16
PUNNETT PRACTICE
• Show how you would place the parental
alleles on each side of the Punnett
Squares:
RB
RB
RB
RB
RB
Rb
rB
rb
NOW FILL IN THE BOXES AND
• WHAT IS THE
PHENOTYPIC RATIO?
100% running black
RB
RB
Rb
rB
rb
RRBB
RRBb
RrBB
RrBb
RRBB
RRBb
RrBB
RrBb
RRBB
RRBb
RrBB
RrBb
RRBB
RRBb
RrBB
RrBb
RB
RB
RB
8. Gametes are:
•
•
•
•
A. body cells
B. sex cells
C. somatic cells
D. skin cells
• ANSWER: sex cells B
9. The likelihood that a particular
event will occur is:
•
•
•
•
A. hybrid
B. offspring
C. probability
D. recombination
• ANSWER: C probability
10. The wild type is…
• A. dominant trait
• B. recessive trait
• C. most common trait
• ANSWER: C
11. homologous
• D. male +
corresponding
female set of
chromosomes
GO TO PUNNETT PRACTICE
• On your dry erase board.
• Do #4 on page 2.
• Cross two plants that are
heterozygous for green pods.
#4 Answer
Genotypic ratio:
GG:Gg:gg
1: 2: 1
G
G
g
Phenotypic ratio:
Green:yellow
3:1
g
GG Gg
Gg gg
12. Haploid and 13. Diploid
• 13. C. one set of chromosomes
N
in humans 23
14. B. two sets of homologous
chromosomes
2N
in humans 46
14. What is a tetrad?
• A. 4 homologous chromosomes
MULTIPLE ALLELE TRAITS IN
CHICKENS
• Question #1:On the cross pictured,
what must be the genotypes of the two
parents for the outcome to always be a
buttercup offspring?
• ANSWER:
• rrPP
X RRpp
Did you set it up right?
RP
RP
Rp
rP
rp
Rp
rP
rp
9:3:3:1
RP
RP
Rp
rP
rp
RRPP
RRPp
RrPP
RrPp
RRPp
RRpp
RrPp
Rrpp
RrPP
RrPp
rrPP
rrPp
RrPp
Rrpp
rrPp
rrpp
Rp
rP
rp
15. Crossing-over
• F. homologous chromosomes
exchange segments
16. What is a chiasma?
•
•
•
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A. when 4 chromosomes come together
B. when a cell divides into 4 cells
C. when a cell splits
D. making poopie
E. is the point of crossing over of the two
inner homologous chromosomes
• ANSWER: E
17. Contrast Mitosis and Meiosis
• Mitosis:
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starts with 2N parent
Daughter cells are 2N
Daughter cells identical
Makes somatic cells
Ends with 2 cells
1 division
17. Contrast Mitosis and Meiosis
• Meiosis:
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•
•
•
•
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starts with 2N parent
Daughter cells are N
Daughter cells different
Makes sex cells
Ends with 4 cells
2 divisions
18. If you had a tall plant, how can
you tell if it is TT or Tt?
• Cross it with tt
• (a test cross)
T
t
t
T
t
t
T
t
18. If you had a tall plant, how can
you tell if it is TT or Tt?
T
• Cross it with tt
t
T
t
t
T
Tt
Tt
Tt
Tt
t
t
Tt
tt
Tt
tt
19. Spongebob SsYy marries and
mates Spongebetty ssYy
Y=yellow y=blue
S=square s=round
19. Spongebob SsYy marries and
mates Spongebetty ssYy
Y=yellow y=blue
S=square s=round
19. SsYy X ssYy
SY
Sy
sY
sy
SsYY
SsYy
ssYY
ssYy
sy SsYy
Ssyy
ssYy
ssyy
SsYY
SsYy
ssYY
ssYy
SsYy
Ssyy
ssYy
ssyy
sY
sY
sy
19. SsYy X ssYy
SY
Sy
sY
sy
SsYY
SsYy
ssYY
ssYy
sy SsYy
Ssyy
ssYy
ssyy
SsYY
SsYy
ssYY
ssYy
SsYy
Ssyy
ssYy
ssyy
sY
sY
sy
6 square yellow
2 square blue
SY
Sy
6 round yellow
2 round blue
sY
sy
SsYY
SsYy
ssYY
ssYy
sy SsYy
Ssyy
ssYy
ssyy
SsYY
SsYy
ssYY
ssYy
SsYy
Ssyy
ssYy
ssyy
sY
sY
sy
20. Flower Parts
EXTRA: Male Flower Parts?
• Stamen pistil
stigma anther
• ANSWER:
stamen anther
21. Hetero or Homo zygous
• _____HH _____hh _____Hh
• ANSWER:
• Homozygous Heterozygous
• HH hh
Hh
EXTRA: Recessive?
•T
t
H
h
• ANSWER: t
h
EXTRA: Dominant?
•T
t
H
h
• ANSWER: T H
CHECK YOUR SKILLS: Go to
Punnett Practice #7
• Genotypic Ratio?
• Phenotypic Ratio?
Nn x nn
•
N
n
Nn
n
nn
Genotypic:
Nn:nn
2 : 2
Phenotypic
n
Nn
nn
Smooth;const.
2
:
2
CHECK YOUR SKILLS:
BbFf x bbff
• How many boxes do you need?
16
• How do you separate each parent?
BF Bf bF
bf
• bf bf bf
bf
BF
bf
Bf
bF
bf
BbFf
Bbff
bbFf
bbff
BbFf
bf
Bbff
bbFf
bbff
BbFf
Bbff
bbFf
bbff
BbFf
Bbff
bbFf
bbff
bf
bf
• Genotypic Ratio
• BbFf : Bbff : bbFf : bbff
• 4
4
4
4
• Phenotypic Ratio
• Black fat : black thin : white fat : white thin
•
4
4
4
4
CHECK YOUR SKILLS:
RR x RW incomplete dominance
•
R
R
W
R
CHECK YOUR ANSWER:
RR x RW incomplete dominance
•
R
R
W
RR
RW
R
Genotypic
RR : RW
RR
RW
2
2
Phenotypic
Red : Pink
2
2
#22
• Black rooster and white
chicken form black and white
spotted chicks
• ANSWER: codominance
#23
• The color of the skin is
determined by six different
locations on genes
• ANSWER: polygenic trait
#24
• A red flower is crossed with a
white flower to make pink
offspring.
• ANSWER: incomplete
dominance
#25
• TT x WW = TW offspring
• ANSWER: codominance
#26
• Eye color alternatives include
blue, brown, green, black
• ANSWER: multiple alleles
#27
• A black rabbit crossed with a white
rabbit produced a gray rabbit
• ANSWER: incomplete dominance
#29
• ANSWER: The
higher the
crossover
frequency, the
farther apart are
the genes.
#28
• The greater the number of
recombination frequencies
(crossovers), then the _____ the genes
are to each other.
• ANSWER: farther apart
#29
• Red, hair freckles, and fair skin seem to
be inherited together. They must be on
_____ genes.
• ANSWER: linked
#30
• The location on a chromosome is
referred to as the:
• ANSWER: locus
gene
Back of chicken worksheet:
•Do questions
#1 and #2
• Incomplete dominance = the offspring
show trait in-between the two dominant
traits (like black and white have gray
offspring)
• Codominance = both dominant traits will
appear like black and white will have
spotted black-white offspring
• Genotype for black chickens BB
• Genotype for white chickens WW
• Genotype for erminette
BW
#31
• What is the difference between a trait
and an allele?
• TRAIT: general description EX; eye
color, height
ALLELE: alternative choices EX: blue
and green, and tall-short
A-B = 29%
B-C=11% B-D=4%
A-D = 21 %
ADD: A-C =18%
C-D = 3%
What is the order of these genes?
• ANSWER: A
C
D
B
32. Names of the phases in
meiosis:
32. Names of the phases in
meiosis:
Anaphase II
Anaphase I
Metaphase I
Prophase II
Metaphase II
Telophase II
Prophase I
Telophase I
#33 Structures of Prophase I
Go to Back and do “Polygenic
Inheritance” Worksheet
• Human Skin Shades
• Mulatto denotes a person with one
white parent and one black parent, or
more broadly, a person of mixed
black and white ancestry. May also
include Native American and other
backgrounds.
KNOW YOUR MATCHING
• Numbers of descriptions of offspring
• phenotypic ratio
• Numbers of letters of offspring , TT, Tt, tt
• genotypic ratio
• Trait that is expressed even if other trait is
present
• dominant
32. MATCHING (cont.)
• Trait that is only expressed if the dominant
trait is not present
• recessive
• Alternative choices of a trait
• alleles
32. MATCHING (cont)
• General description of a gene
• trait
• Plant’s pollen fertilizes the same plant
• self-pollination
• Plant’s pollen fertilizes a different plant
• cross-pollination
Can You Identify?
locus
Compare egg and sperm:
• Egg forms one large egg and three
smaller polar bodies
• Sperm form all the same size and
shape
What is the purpose of the Punnett
Square?
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•
•
•
A. show the exact offspring
B. show only dominant offspring
C. predict the probability from a cross
D. predict who will win the sperm lotto
• ANSWER: C
Independent Assortment and
Crossing Over
• Independent Assortment randomly
segregates the alleles.
• Crossing-over breaks and reattaches
chromosomes to make new gene
arrangements.
• BOTH INCREASE DIVERSITY
ESSAYS?
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•
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•
Punnett Squares
Monohybrid Cross
Codominant or Incomplete Dominant
Dihybrid Cross
Be able to write a genotypic and phenotypic
ratio.