Transcript Genetics

1
Phylogeny and
the tree of
life
2
Plant Diversity
3
Mash up
4
Living things
5
Animal Behavior
6
Metabolism
7
Phyogeny/t
ree of life
Plant
Diversity
Mash up
Vertebr
ates
Animal
behavior
Metabolism
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The evolutionary history
of a species or group of
related species.
9
What is Phylogeny
10
An ordered division of
organisms into categories
based on a set of
characteristics used to
assess similarities and
differences.
11
What is Taxonomy?
12
This type of evolution has
taken place when two
organisms developed
similarities as they adapted
to similar environmental
changes-not because they
evolved from a common
ancestor.
13
What is convergent
evolution?
14
This diagram dipicts
patterns of shared
characteristics
among Taxa and
forms the basis of
a phylogenetic tree.
15
What is a
Cladogram?
16
Three domains of
life.
17
What are Bacteria,
Archaea, and
Eukarya.
18
All land plants have
a two molecular
stages called
alteration of
generations. Name
these stages.
19
What are
Gametophyte and
sporophyte?
Which is the
haploid stage?
20
Approximate time
when plants
colonized land.
21
When was 500
mya?
22
Structures that
transport water and
nutrients in vascular
plants.
23
What are xylem and
phloem?
24
Gametangia are
organs in plants
that make gametes.
Name the organ in
males and females
respectively.
25
What are anthridia
(make sperm) and
archegonia (make
eggs)
26
In seedless vascular
plants, this stage is
when meiosis occurs
and spores are
created in structures
called sporangia.
27
What is sporophyte
stage?
28
These types of plants
produce “naked” seeds
typically on cones.
29
What are
gymnosperms?
30
These are the
embryonic layers of a
blastula as it develops
into a multicellular
animal.
31
What are
endoderm, ectoderm
and mesoderm?
What does each
layer become within
the organism?
32
Flower part that
produces pollen
33
What is the
stamen?
34
Vertebrates belong to
this phylum.
35
What is chordata?
36
Name and describe
characteristics of all
chordates.
37
What are notochord
(long flexible
rod that appears during development between the digestive tube and the
, dorsal hollow
nerve cord
,
Pharyngeal clefts
And
muscular tail posterior to
the anus?
dorsal nerve cord)
(formed from ectoderm)
(slits that allow water
in and out without using the digestive tract).
38
Mammals are amniotes
that have hair and
produce milk. Name
the three catagories
used to classify them.
39
What are Monotremes
(egg laying), Marsupials
(complete development in
a pouch outside the
womb), & Placental
mammals (eutherians,
complete development in
the uterus)?
40
Categories used
classify and
identify living
organisms.
41
What are Taxa;
Domain, kingdom,
phylum, class,
order, family,
genus, & species.
42
Thermoregulation
refers to how animals
maintain their internal
temperature. Animals
are placed into two
catagories.
43
What are endotherms
(warmed by
metabolism) and
Ectotherms (gain heat
from external
sources)?
44
The four main stages
of food processing.
45
What are ingestion (food
intake), digestion (breaking
down of food), absorption
(uptake of nutrients), and
elimination (removal of
undigested material from
the digestive tract)?
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Antimicrobial
proteins help fight
off infection. This
protein defends
against viral
infections?
47
What is interferon?
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The study of
animal behavior.
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What is ethology?
50
Behaviors that are
developmentally fixed,
they are not learned.
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What are innate
behaviors?
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A simple change in
activity in response to
stimulus.
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What is kinesis?
54
Rhythms that occur
on a daily cycle.
55
What are Circadian
rhythms?
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Mating systems vary
between species.
These are the various
systems.
58
What are promiscuous
(no strong pair bonds),
monogamous (one male
one female), and
polygamous (one
individual mating with
several others)?
59
The ability of many
animals to associate
one feature of their
environment with
another feature.
60
What is associative
learning?
61
This type of
conditioning occurs as
an animal learns to
associate one of its
behaviors with a
reward or punishment.
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What is operant
conditioning ?
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Chemical signals that
are emitted by
members of one
species that affect
other members of he
species.
64
What are
phermones?
65
When animals reduce
their individual fitness
but increase the
fitness of other
individuals in the
population.
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What is Altruism?
67
Catabolic pathways
release energy by
oxidizing organic
fuels. Two types of
catabolism are:
68
What are
fermentation and
cellular respiration?
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Meiosis
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Genetic
Disorders
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Genes
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Sex-Linked
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Mutations
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Human
Genetics
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Genetic
Ratios
Genetic
Disorders
Genes
Sexlinked
Mutations
Human
Genetics
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These cells contain 22
autosomes and a
single sex
chromosome.
79
What is a haploid
cell?
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The final number
daughter cells after
meiosis.
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What is 4?
82
Synapsis forming tetrads
that undergo crossing
over to increase genetic
variation and form
chiasmata occurs during
this stage of Meiosis I.
83
What is Prophase
I?
84
Two or more genes have
an additive effect on a
single character in the
phenotype E.G. skin
color or height in
humans.
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What is polygenic
inheritance?
86
The property of a gene
that causes it to have
multiple phenotypic
effects. E.G. sickle-cell
disease has multiple
symptoms all due to a
single defective gene.
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What is Pleiotropy?
88
Family record showing
the inheritance of a
trait over several
generations
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What is a pedigree?
90
Type of mutation that
causes death, often
before birth
91
What is a lethal
mutation?
92
Genetic disorder that
produces a defective
form of hemoglobin
93
What is sickle cell
anemia?
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Chromosome mutation
resulting in Down
Syndrome
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What is
nondisjunction?
96
Genetic disorder in
which the body can
not metabolize the
amino acid
phenylalanine
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What is PKU?
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Alternate forms of a
Gene
99
What are alleles?
100
Genes are carried
on these
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What are
chromosomes?
102
Shows the linear
sequence of genes on
a chromosome
103
What is a
chromosome map?
104
Gene mutation
involving a single
nucleotide
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What is a point
mutation?
106
Genes found on the
same chromosome are
said to be this
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What is linked?
108
Genotype for males
109
What is XY?
110
Sex chromosome
that carries the
most genes
111
What is the X
chromosome?
112
X-linked disease
usually in males that
impairs the ability of
blood to clot
113
What is hemophilia?
114
Females that do not
express a trait but
can pass the trait on
to their offspring
115
What are carriers?
116
The presence of male
or female hormones
affects these traits
117
What are sexinfluenced traits?
118
A mutation may take
place in any of these
119
What is a cell?
120
Mutations that aren’t
passed on to offspring
121
What are somatic
mutations?
122
Organisms with these
have a better chance
of reproducing
123
What is a beneficial
mutation?
124
Loss of a piece of a
chromosome due to
chromosomal breakage
125
What is a deletion?
126
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Condition in which a
zygote has only 45
chromosomes
128
What is monosomy?
129
Trait controlled by
two or more genes
such as eye or skin
color
130
What is a polygenic
trait?
131
Genetic disorder
found in European
Jews in which the
nervous system of
infants deteriorates
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What is Tay-Sachs
disease?
133
Genetic disorder
carried on the X
chromosome resulting
in the wasting away of
muscles
134
What is muscular
dystrophy?
135
XXY chromosomes in
a male
136
What is
Klinefelter’s
syndrome?
137
Screening for this
disorder is performed
immediately after
birth in the United
States
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What is PKU?
139
Final
Jeopardy
140
This type of dominance
occurs when
heterozygous individuals
& dominant homozygous
individuals are
indistinguishable in
phenotype
141
What is
complete
dominance?
142