Functional Genomics
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Transcript Functional Genomics
Chapter 1. Genomics: Toward A Genome-Level Understanding of the
Structure, Functions, and Evolution of Biological Systems
CBBL
- Young-sik Sohn-
Introduction
Understanding the physiology and behavior of an organism
Determination of an entire genome sequence
↓
Elucidate the functions of these sequences
↓
Providing meaning to the nucleotide sequence data
Bioinformatics/Functional Genomics
Definitions and Classification
Genomics
described a new scientific discipline concerned with
mapping, sequencing, and analyzing genomes
genome-level understanding of the molecular basis of the
structure and functions
using whole-genome sequence information and highthroughput genomic technologies
Concept and classification of genomics
Challenges of Studying Functional Genomics
Defining gene function
Substantial portions of ORFs are functionally unknown
Relationships of genes to enzymes are not only one to one
Identifying and characterizing the molecular machines of life
Many protein machines appear to be highly conserved
Delineating gene regulatory networks
Coordinated behavior of genetic regulatory networks
determines the physiological properties of a living cell
Challenges of Studying Functional Genomics
System-level understanding of biological systems
beyond individual cells
Relationship between biodiversity and functional properties
of ecosystems is important
Computational challenges
Using computer model to know biological cellular functions
Multidisciplinary collaborations
Collaborations among investigators with different research
capabilities are needed to meet these challenges
Scope and General Approaches
Structural genomics
function of a protein ≈ three-dimensional structure
∴ understanding folded structure
↓
biochemical functions or role in a pathway
Scope and General Approaches
Transcriptomics
Comprehensive analysis of transciptomes is of great value
for studying gene function and regulation
① correlation of gene expression and function
② connection between gene expression and physiological
states
③ gene expressed together may function together
④ importance of transcriptonal regulation
⑤ technological advances
Scope and General Approaches
Proteomics
It can be classified into three main categories
① protein identification and analysis
② proteome-wide differential display of proteins under
various growth conditions
③ protein-protein interactions
Scope and General Approaches
Metabolomics
Two major approaches to understand gene functionality via
metabolic analysis
① identify the biochemical reactions catalyzed by enzymes
encoded by genes of unknown function
② functional analysis by
coresponses
Importance of Microbial Functional Genomics
to the Study of Eukaryotes
Functional analysis of microbial genomes
Crucial to understanding gene functions and regulatory
networks in microorganisms themselves
↓
Defining networks in higher organisms
∵ ① many genes involved in essential life processes are
conserved among microorganisms
② Mitochondria and chloroplasts are important
components of eukaryotic life processes
③ Many microorganisms have formed intimate
relationships with higher eukaryotes
Summary
The goal is to use genome sequence information and
related genomic technologies to link sequences with
functions and phenotypes and to understand how
biological systems at different levels function in nature
Microbial genome is not only important to understanding
microorganisms themselves but also very important to
higher organisms
Thank you for your attention