Transcript Lifetime Health Ch 15

Chapter 15
Other Diseases
and Disabilities
Contents
Section 1
Section 2
Section 3
Understanding Hereditary Diseases
Understanding Immune Disorders and
Autoimmune Diseases
Understanding Disabilities
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Chapter 15
Section 1 Understanding Hereditary
Diseases
What Are Hereditary Diseases?
1. Hereditary diseases: caused by abnormal
chromosomes or inherited defective genes
2. Genes:
• segments of DNA located on a
chromosome
• code for a specific hereditary traits
3. Mutations:
• changes to a gene
• can cause a disease or increase a
person’s chances of getting a disease.
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Chapter 15
Section 1 Understanding Hereditary
Diseases
Types of Hereditary Diseases
1. Single-gene diseases occur when a single gene out
of the 30,000 to 40,000 genes in the body has a
harmful mutation.
2. In complex diseases, more than one gene
influences the onset of the disease. Lifestyle
behaviors also contribute to complex diseases.
3. Chromosomal diseases
• wrong number of chromosomes or an
incomplete chromosome
• Down syndrome occurs when a person has 3
copies of the 21st chromosome instead of 2.
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Chapter 15
Section 1 Understanding Hereditary
Diseases
Coping with Hereditary Diseases
1. Genetic counseling informs a person or
couple about their genetic makeup.
2. Understand the chances of passing on a
hereditary disease to a child.
3. Keep personal health records and know the
records of your family.
4. Stay informed with your disease (helps to
cope and live productively with the disease)
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Chapter 15
Section 2 Understanding Immune
Disorders and Autoimmune Diseases
What Are Immune Disorders and
Autoimmune Diseases?
1. Immune disorders are the result of the
immune system failing to function properly
(ex: allergies, asthma)
2. Autoimmune diseases are diseases in
which the immune system attacks the cells
of the body that the immune system
normally protects (ex: Rheumatoid Arthritis,
Multiple Sclerosis).
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Chapter 15
Section 2 Understanding Immune
Disorders and Autoimmune Diseases
Types of Immune Disorders
1. Allergies are reactions by the immune
system to harmless substances.
2. Asthma is an immune disorder in which the
airways that carry air into the lungs to
become narrow and clogged with mucus.
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ALLERGIES (CAUSES):
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ASTHMA (SIGNS & SYMPTOMS):
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ASTHMA (TREATMENT):
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Chapter 15
Section 2 Understanding Immune
Disorders and Autoimmune Diseases
Arthritis:
• Definition:
• inflammation of the joints
• Symptoms:
• pain
• Inflammation
• Treatment:
• Medication (OTC and/or Rx)
• Ice
• Physical Therapy
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Chapter 15
Arthritis
1. Osteoarthritis
• not an autoimmune disease.
• Gradual breakdown of cartilage due to old
age, injury, or daily activities (wear & tear).
2. Rheumatoid arthritis
• an autoimmune disease
• the immune system destroys the lining of
the joints.
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Rheumatoid arthritis
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Traumatic injuries can lead to arthritis
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The progression of arthritis
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Total knee replacement surgery
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Chapter 15
Section 2 Understanding Immune
Disorders and Autoimmune Diseases
Multiple Sclerosis (MS)
• an autoimmune disease
• the immune system attacks myelin,
the fatty insulation on nerves in the
brain and spinal cord
(hot dog and bun metaphor)
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Chapter 15
Section 2 Understanding Immune
Disorders and Autoimmune Diseases
Coping with Immune Disorders and
Autoimmune Diseases
• If you are diagnosed with an immune disorder or
autoimmune disease:
1. Be honest with your doctor.
2. Understand your disorder and your doctor’s
treatment plan.
3. Follow the treatment plan.
4. Let your doctor know about new symptoms that
develop.
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Anatomy of the Eye
Aqueous humor
Fovea
Cornea
Optic nerve
Pupil
Lens
Iris
Retina
Vitreous humor
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Anatomy of the Eye
Aqueous humor
Cornea
Lens
Pupil
Vitreous humor
Iris
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Chapter 15
A. Disabilities that affect vision
1. Glaucoma
• increased pressure inside the eye
• causes impaired vision and eye damage
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Glaucoma
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A. Disabilities that affect vision
2. Cataract
• cloudiness of lens
• causes impaired vision and blindness
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Chapter 15
A. Disabilities that affect vision
3. Macular degeneration
• damage to an area of the retina
• causes impaired vision and blindness
4. Complications from Diabetes
• Vascular damage to structures within the
eye
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Chapter 15
B. Disorders that affect vision
The following must be seen and treated by and
eye doctor:
1. Corneal Ulcer
• infection
• Common with misuse of contact lenses
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Corneal Ulcer
Disorders that affect vision
The following must be seen and treated by and
eye doctor:
1. Corneal Ulcer (infection)
• Common with misuse of contact lenses
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Chapter 15
B. Disorders that affect vision
The following must be seen and treated by and
eye doctor:
2. Conjunctivitis (pink eye)
• VERY contagious (from one eye to the
other, and from person to person
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Conjunctivitis
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Chapter 15
C. Eye Injuries
The following must be seen and treated by an eye
doctor:
1. Corneal Laceration
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Chapter 15
C. Eye Injuries
The following must be seen and treated by an eye
doctor:
2. Hyphema (blood in anterior chamber of eye)
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Chapter 15
C. Eye Injuries
The following must be seen and treated by an eye
doctor:
3. Facial Fracture
• Traps or impinges muscles
• Prevents normal movement & tracking
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Chapter 15
C. Eye Injuries
The following must be seen and treated by an eye
doctor:
4. Ruptured Globe
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Near / Far sightedness
Light
Lens
Focal
plane
Emmetropia
(normal)
Myopia
(nearsightedness)
Hyperopia
(farsightedness)
Presbyopia
(aged)
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Anatomy of the Inner Ear
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Chapter 15
Section 3 Understanding Disabilities
Disabilities Involving Hearing
A. 28 million Americans are affected
1. Hearing impairment:
• Nerve damage
• Results from exposure to high volumes
2. Tinnitus
• buzzing or ringing in the ears that is caused
by exposure to loud noise
3. Hearing loss
• caused by genetic factors, medicines, and
infections and exposure to loud noise
B. Treatment options include hearing aids and cochlear
implants.
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Hearing
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Ruptured Ear Drum
(Tympanic Membrane)
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Balance
Semicircular
canals
Utricle
Saccule
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Chapter 15
Section 3 Understanding Disabilities
Disabilities Involving Movement
1. Spinal cord injuries (paralysis)
a) Paraplegia is paralysis of the lower
body.
b) Quadriplegia is paralysis of the upper
and lower body.
2. Multiple Sclerosis
3. Parkinson’s disease
4. ALS (Lou Gehrig’s disease)
5. Tourette’s syndrome
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Osteoporosis
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Chapter 15
Section 3 Understanding Disabilities
Coping with Disabilities
A. Understanding and learning to deal with disabilities
in a positive way helps make living with a disability
easier.
B. The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)
1. Federal legislation intended to make
American society more accessible to
people with disabilities.
2. Businesses must comply with Federal
mandates (handicapper ramps, parking,
restroom facilities, etc)
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End of Chapter 15
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