Transcript From Field to Genome Level - Phosphorus in Soils and Plants

Willmar L. Leiser, Henry Frederick W. Rattunde, Eva Weltzien, Ndiaga
Cisse, Magagi Abdou, Abdoulaye Diallo, Abocar O. Touré, Barbara Hufnagel,
Jurandir V. Magalhaes and Bettina I.G. Haussmann
27.08.2014
Breeding Sorghum for P-limited Soils in Western Africa: From Field to Gene Level
PSP5 - 2014
Fertilizer Input
West Africa
• Highly weathered soils, low pH, low
soil organic matter and high P fixation
• most smallholder farmers fields
show very low levels of plant available
soil P (<6ppm Bray-1 P)
• fields, which are cropped by women
show generally even lower values
(<3ppm Bray-1 P)
Mueller et al. 2012; Nature;490;7419;254-257
27.08.2014
Breeding Sorghum for P-limited Soils in Western Africa: From Field to Gene Level
PSP5 - 2014
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High P (>20kg P) vs
Year 2011-2012
60 Genotypes
Low P (0kg P)
Year 2006-2010
70 Genotypes
Year 2010-2012
80 Genotypes
8 Genotypes
29 (48) useful field trials
+ pot experiment
+ extra field trials
27.08.2014
Breeding Sorghum for P-limited Soils in Western Africa: From Field to Gene Level
PSP5 - 2014
3
~ 10% delay in flowering
27.08.2014
~ 30% plant height reduction
Breeding Sorghum for P-limited Soils in Western Africa: From Field to Gene Level
PSP5 - 2014
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More than 50% yield reduction
27.08.2014
Breeding Sorghum for P-limited Soils in Western Africa: From Field to Gene Level
PSP5 - 2014
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• strong correlation between –P and +P grain yield performance
• direct selection necessary, feasible and more efficient
Leiser et al., 2012. Crop Science
27.08.2014
Breeding Sorghum for P-limited Soils in Western Africa: From Field to Gene Level
PSP5 - 2014
6
8
7
R² = 0.04ns
PBM (kg ha-1)
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
80
Crown Root Angle (°)
8
R² = 0.01ns
7
Yield
P-conc.
P-uptake
P-use
• Landraces are important source germplasm
• No single adaptation mechanism identified
P BM (kg ha-1)
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
30
40
50
60
Mycorrhiza Colonized Root Length (%)
Leiser et al., 2014. Plant and Soil
27.08.2014
Breeding Sorghum for P-limited Soils in Western Africa: From Field to Gene Level
PSP5 - 2014
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GWAS for grain yield BLUPs of 187 WCA sorghum genotypes evaluated across
29 environments in three West African countries from 2006-2012. 220,934
SNPs derived from Genotyping-by-Sequencing (GBS).
Leiser et al., 2014. BMC Plant Biology
27.08.2014
Breeding Sorghum for P-limited Soils in Western Africa: From Field to Gene Level
PSP5 - 2014
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Possible pleiotropic effect of SbMATE on Al-tolerance and P-efficiency
Leiser et al., 2014. BMC Plant Biology
27.08.2014
Breeding Sorghum for P-limited Soils in Western Africa: From Field to Gene Level
PSP5 - 2014
9
Gamuyao et al. 2012; Nature; 488;7412;535-539
• exploiting genomic synteny of rice and sorghum
• homologous genes for PSTOL1 in sorghum identified
Hufnagel et al., 2014, Plant Physiology
27.08.2014
Breeding Sorghum for P-limited Soils in Western Africa: From Field to Gene Level
PSP5 - 2014
10
Brazil
West Africa
SNPs in PSTOL1 genes
Sb03g006765_1912
Sb03g031690_2305
PSTOL1 involved in P-efficiency in sorghum through possibly similar mechanism as in rice
Hufnagel et al., 2014, Plant Physiology
27.08.2014
Breeding Sorghum for P-limited Soils in Western Africa: From Field to Gene Level
PSP5 - 2014
11
• Large impact of P on sorghum growth
• General good adaptation of West African sorghum to low P
soils
• Direct selection in low P necessary and feasible
• Landraces very valuable source germplasm
• No single mechanism identified for P-efficiency
• Al-tolerance and P-efficiency possibly controlled by same
gene SbMATE  pleiotropy
• PSTOL1 homologs of rice involved in P-adaptation in
sorghum; similar mechanism
27.08.2014
Breeding Sorghum for P-limited Soils in Western Africa: From Field to Gene Level
PSP5 - 2014
12
CNRA- Bambey
27.08.2014
Breeding Sorghum for P-limited Soils in Western Africa: From Field to Gene Level
PSP5 - 2014
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