Transcript Solar Rotation`s Effects on Earth

Belle Tamir, Sharet High School
Nitzan Atia, Tchernichovsky High School
Netanya, Israel.
oes the solar rotation cause changes
in Earth environment's condition
(with period of 27 days)
General information
he sun & sunspots
arth & Earth’s
magnetic field
Data process
unspots &
solar rotation
olar-terrestrial
connections
nfluence of
solar rotation
ndexes of activity
onclusion
uture work
The Sun is the star at the centre of our Solar system. The Earth and
many other bodies are surrounding the Sun. It's heat and light support
almost all life on Earth. It is thought that the Sun is about 5 billion years
old.
Heavier elements
1%
The Sun is a ball of plasma, which contains:
Helium
25%
Hydrogen
74%
A sunspot is a region on the Sun's surface that is marked by a lower
temperature than its surroundings, and intense magnetic activity.
Although they are blindingly bright, the contrast with the surrounding
material leaves them clearly visible as dark spots.
Earth is the third-closest planet to the Sun. It is the largest of the solar
system's terrestrial planets, and the only planetary body that modern
science confirms as harboring life. The planet was formed around 4.57
billion years ago.
Earth's magnetic field is approximately a
magnetic dipole, with one pole near the
geographic north pole and the other near the
geographic south pole. An imaginary line
joining the magnetic poles would be inclined
by approximately 11.3° from the planet's axis
of rotation. The magnetic field extends several
tens of thousands of kilometers into space.
Spin
axis
From first Galileo
observations of the
sunspots, he used their
movement with time for
discovery of solar rotation.
Examples of solar rotation from Sky-Watch data base
(1) Sunspot activity >>
(1)
(2)
(4)
(3)
(2) Corona heating, flares >>
(3) Solar wind >>
(4) Magnetic storms of
Magnetosphere & modulation
of galactic cosmic rays >>
Ionosphere (radio connection,
aurora).
Solar rotation periodically shift sunspot into geo-effective
zone on the Sun’s longitude and disturb Earth’s environment
• A group of spots will mask modulation of the
Earth environment from each individual source
• Life time of the sunspots is about 1-2 months,
that limits the number of cycles by 1or 2!
• To test individual sunspot on the Sun during a
minimum of solar activity (with minimum of
sunspots). For example, last minimum 1996-1997.
• To look for “echo” – effect with dominant time
interval between responses is about 27 day.
Kp-index : 3-hourly logarithmic local index of geomagnetic activity
relative to an assumed “quiet-day” curve for the recording site. Range is
from 0 to 9.
Cosmic Ray particles - An extremely energetic charged particles
arrive to Earth through resistance of solar wind from Galaxy. Main source
– Supernova explosions.
Source of data: “AstroTop” program,
Blossom of Science, Israel
Time Intervals between disturbances of magnetic field
(bursts Kp) in many cases are about 27 days – solar rotation
period – manifestation of the 27-d “echo” effect
Index Kp variation in November 1996-July 1997
Kp
6
196
5
71
4
221
120
40
14
26
18
3
168
27
2
26
45
146
182
155
26
68
28
26
25
208
27 26
1
day from 01 Nov 1996
0
1
28
55
82
109
136
163
190
217
244
271
298
Cosmic Rays arrive to Earth by diffusion through solar wind. Modulation
of solar wind by 27-d solar rotation must lead to 27-d cosmic ray
variation.
Cosmic ray data during solar minimum 1996-1997 from Russia and
Finland show that the effect is real.
27d- variations of Cosmic rays
Flux(Moscow)
Model-27d
9500 Flux(Ohulu)
6650
6600
Cosmic Ray Flux
9400
6550
6500
9300
6450
9200
6400
6350
9100
6300
9000
6250
0
27
54
81
108
135
162
189
days from 01 November-1996
Effect of 27-day modulation of the Earth
environment is real, but weak and needs
special conditions for its detecting.
To organize special observation of sunspot’s position with the
robotic telescope of Sky-Watch, during the next minimum of
sunspots number (2006-2007),
The aim: Direct test in real time of connection between
sunspot rotation and Earth’s environment modulation.