Transcript lecture7_new

Pattern /
Effect
Process /
Cause
Turner 1989
Vegetation
influences
hydrologic
patterns at
fine spatial
and temporal
scales
(Chiras 1988)
Other examples of causeeffect reversals in
ecology/sciences?
Erosion
Little drops of water and little grains of
sand run away together and wear away
the land.
Climate/weather and topography
Climate influences topography at broad
scales (space and time), but topography
influences climate at finer scales.
Genetics
Genotype and phenotype: environment
and genetic interaction.
Psychology?
Torgersen et al. 2012
Figure TS.1. Variations of deuterium (δD) in antarctic ice, which is a proxy for local temperature, and the atmospheric concentrations of
the greenhouse gases carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O) in air trapped within the ice cores and from recent
atmospheric measurements. Data cover 650,000 years and the shaded bands indicate current and previous interglacial warm periods.
{Adapted from Figure 6.3}
Chiras, D. D. 1988. Environmental science: A framework for decision
making. The Benjamin/Cummings Publishing Company, Inc. Menlo
Park, California.
Solomon, S., D. Qin, M. Manning, Z. Chen, M. Marquis, K.B. Averyt, M.
Tignor and H.L. Miller. 2007. Contribution of Working Group I to the
Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate
Change; eds. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United
Kingdom and New York, NY, USA.
Northern spotted owl conservation in Washington State. 2012.
http://www.northernspottedowl.org/jurisdictions/nwfp.html
Torgersen, C.E., Ebersole, J.L., Keenan, D.M., 2012, Primer for Identifying
Cold-Water Refuges to Protect and Restore Thermal Diversity in
Riverine Landscapes: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency EPA
910-C-12-001, p. 91.
Turner, M. G. 1989. Landscape ecology: The effect of pattern on process.
Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 20:171-197.
Van Pelt, Robert, Thomas C. O'Keefe, Josh J. Latterell, and Robert J.
Naiman. 2006. RIPARIAN FOREST STAND DEVELOPMENT ALONG
THE QUEETS RIVER IN OLYMPIC NATIONAL PARK,
WASHINGTON. Ecological Monographs 76:277–298.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/05-0753