Transcript Prentice Hall Biology

KREBS CYCLE
&
ELECTRON TRANSPORT
Chapter 9-2
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REMEMBER:
The “fork in the road” happens following glycolysis.
The presence or absence of _______________
decides which path it takes next.
• See video 9A
AEROBIC RESPIRATION
Flowchart
Section 9-2
Cellular Respiration
Glucose
(C6H1206)
+
Oxygen
(02)
Glycolysis
We will next focus on the Krebs Cycle. This
is the path that is taken when oxygen is
present.
Image from BIOLOGY Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall Publishing
_______________ follows
glycolysis if oxygen is present
• See video 9C
• KREBS CYCLE
See video 9D
KREBS cont’d
REMEMBER:
Glycolysis happens in
the ________________
outside the mitochondria.
Krebs cycle happens in
_____________
inside the mitochondria
_______________
(also called pyruvate)
enters the
_________________
Pyruvic acid joins
with _______________
to form
________________
Diagram by Riedell
WHERE DO THESE GO?
Carbon dioxide is
released into the
________________
High energy electron
carriers move into the
____________________
(We will come back to this later)
Citric Acid Formation:
Krebs Cycle Animation-(select #2)
2 carbon ACETYL-COA combines with a
4 carbon molecule to form a 6-carbon
molecule called _______________ .
WHERE DO THESE GO?
Coenzyme A goes
back to pick up
another
________________
Citric acid
completes the
____________
KREBS
CYCLE
Krebs Cycle Animation-(select #3)
KREBS CYCLE
PRODUCES
____
____
____
____
WHERE DOES IT GO?
→
6 carbons in original glucose are lost
as ________________ to atmosphere
WHERE DO THESE GO?
ATP can be used directly
to supply __________
for the cell.
High energy electron
carriers move into the
____________________
Flowchart
Section 9-2
Cellular Respiration
Glucose
(C6H1206)
+
Oxygen
(02)
Glycolysis
Krebs
Cycle
We will next focus on the the Electron
Transport Chain
WHERE DOES IT HAPPEN?
Enzymes for ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN
are located in the
___________________________
• See video 9E
• ELECTRON TRANSPORT
See video 9F
ET cont’d
ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN
INTERMEMBRANE
SPACE
CRISTAE
MATRIX
Image from: BIOLOGY by Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall Publishing©2006
Electron Transport Chain:
Electron Transport Chain Animation(select start, continue, and #1)
High-energy _____________
from __________ and __________
are passed along the electron transport
chain.
Energy from passing electrons is used
to transport _____________________
across the membrane.
Electron Transport Chain:
Electron Transport Chain Animation(select start, continue, and #3)
The pumping of H+ ions into the
_______________________ represents
potential energy that is harnessed to
make ATP.
As H+ ions escape through ion channels
back into the matrix, ________________
spins and adds a phosphate to ADP to
form _______
Electron Transport Chain:
________________ serves as the final
electron acceptor of the electron transport
chain.
At the end of the electron transport chain,
an enzyme combines the electrons with
the hydrogen ions and oxygen to form
______________
Electron Transport Chain Animation-(#1 and #2)
High-energy electrons from ________ come in
at beginning but electrons from _________
come in farther down the chain.
SO:
→
FADH2 →
NADH
_____
_____
Figure 9–2 Cellular Respiration: An Overview
WHATS THE BIG PICTURE?
Electrons carried in NADH
Electrons
carried in
NADH and
FADH2
Pyruvic
acid
Glucose
Cytoplasm
Glycolysis
Electron
Transport
Chain
Krebs
Cycle
Mitochondrion
CELLULAR RESPIRATION
includes:
______________________
______________________
_______________________
GLYCOLYSIS
Happens in ______________
Breaks down ____________
into ________________
Produces
_______
__________
KREBS CYCLE
happens in ________________
Breaks down _________________
Produces:
____
____
____
____
ELECTRON TRANSPORT
Enzymes found in _____________
Uses high energy electrons and H+ ions
donated by _______ and _______
Makes ___________
________ acts a final
electron acceptor to produce ________
Image from BIOLOGY Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall Publishing
CELLULAR RESPIRATION
(aerobic/ with oxygen):
1 glucose → _______________
FERMENTATION
(anaerobic/ without oxygen):
1 glucose → ________________
Remember !
CARBOHYDRATES SUPPLY ENERGY
Cells burn GLUCOSE
for their energy needs
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EXERCISE and ENERGY
(Short term energy)
Cells normally contain _________
amounts of ATP produced by
_______________ &
__________________________
(only enough for a few seconds of activity)
Once this ATP is used up_____________
fermentation can provide enough ATP
to last about ___________________.
EXERCISE and ENERGY
(Short term energy)
Once race is over, _______________
must be broken down using oxygen.
Well __________ athletes burn
lactic acid more
efficiently.
Image from:
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EXERCISE and ENERGY
(LONGER term energy)
For exercise longer than 90 seconds
_____________________ is the only
way to make enough ATP.
Cellular respiration releases energy
_____________ than fermentation.
Well conditioned athletes must pace
themselves during a long race.
What happens in a long race
when the body’s glucose all
is used up?
REMEMBER
Animal cells store
GLUCOSE as
_____________
to use later.
Image from: http://www.msu.edu/course/lbs/145/smith/s02/graphics/campbell_5.6.gif
EXERCISE and ENERGY
(LONGER term energy)
________________ store glucose
as ________________ which can
be broken down into glucose to
supply energy for_______________
of activity.
EXERCISE and ENERGY
(LONGER term energy)
After glycogen stores are
used up the body begins to
break down ________
That’s why aerobic exercise
must continue for longer than
20 minutes if you want to
lose weight!
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ALL CELLS NEED ENERGY
All __________________
(including plant and animal cells) have
_______________ for cellular respiration
All __________________ (bacteria)
have their electron transport enzymes
attached to their
_____________________
Remember: No membrane bound organelles!