Transcript C6H12O6 + 6 O2* 6 CO2 + 6H2O + 38 ATP

CELL RESPIRATION OUTLINE
CELL RESPIRATION
1.
Aerobic Respiration
1.
2.
3.

Glycolysis
Kreb’s Cycle: Acetyl CoA Formation + Citric Acid Cycle
Electron Transport Chain
NET ATP: 36
Anaerboic Respiraiton
2.
1.
2.

Glycolysis
Lactic Acid Fermentation OR Ethanol Fermentation
NET ATP: 2
CELLULAR RESPIRATION
C6H12O6 + 6 O2 6 CO2 + 6H2O + 36 ATP
IN OVERVIEW….
2 WAYS OF
MAKING ATP
1. SUBSTRATE LEVEL PHOSPHORYLATION
(GLYCOLYSIS & CITRIC ACID CYCLE)
 An
Enzyme gives a phosphate to
ADP to form ATP!
2. OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION
(ETC + CHEMIOSMOSIS)
ATP made by redox reactions of Electron Transport
Chain
 ATP synthase (enzyme) is needed to phosphorylate
the ADP to produce ATP.
 Almost 90% of the ATP produced from cellular
respiration is produced this way.

CELL RESPIRATION
HAPPENS WITH OR
WITHOUT OXYGEN
CELL RESPIRATION OPTIONS
glucose
1. GLYCOLYSIS
AEROBIC RESPIRATION
ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION
2. Krebs Cycle
2. Lactic Acid Fermentation
3. Electron Transport Chain
OR
2. Ethanol Fermentation
NET 36 ATP
NET 2 ATP
I. AEROBIC
RESPIRATION
1. GLYCOLYSIS
In cytosol
 Glucose (6C)  2 Pyruvate (3c)
 Can occur with or without oxygen

NET ENERGY: 2 ATP
2 NADH
(+4 ATP – 2 ATP = 2 ATP)
MOVE INTO THE
MITOCHONDRIA’S
MATRIX….
START THE “KREB’S CYCLE”
ACETYL COA FORMATION + CITRIC ACID CYCLE
2A. ACETYL COA FORMATION

Pyruvate (3C) is converted to Acetyl CoA (2C)


CO2 is released as a waste product
NADH is made
2B. CITRIC ACID CYCLE
1 Glucose (2 pyruvates)
goes through 2 Citric
Acid Cycles
Overall Yield:
 2 ATP
 8 NADH
 2 FADH2
 CO2
bi-product
SO FAR WE’VE MADE…
10 NADH, 2 FADH2, AND 4 ATP
MOVE INTO THE
MITOCHONDRIA’S
INNER MEMBRANE….
3. ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN
In inner membrane of mitochondrion
 Largest energy making step
 “ATP Converter”- converts NADH + FADH2 into ATP
 Movement of Hydrogens (protons) fuels the process
 3 Proteins (electron acceptors), each one is more
electronegative than the first.
 By-product: H2O

1 NADH = 3 ATP
1 FADH2 = 2 ATP
CHEMIOSMOSIS
 Last
stop of ETC
 As H+ ions diffuse
through the
membrane, ATP
synthase uses the
energy to join ADP
and a phosphate
group to create ATP!
ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN
H+
H+
H+
ATP SYNTHASE
H+
1 NADH = 3ATP
1 FADH2= 2 ATP
Matrix
H2O
OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION: ETC & CHEMIOSMOSIS
AEROBIC RESPIRATION: TOTAL ENERGY YIELD
Glycolysis
Acetyl CoA
Formation
Citric Acid Cycle
Electron Transport
Chain
NADH
2
2
FADH2
0
0
ATP
2
0
6
10 x 3
2
2x2
2
+4
38 ATP made, but
used 2ATP up after
Glycolysis:
NET 36 ATP
II. ANAEROBIC
RESPIRATION
ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION

“Fermentation”
Bacteria & Fungi (yeast) – Ethanol (Alcohol) Fermentation
 Animal Muscle- Lactic Acid Fermentation


Recycles NADH so Glycolysis can keep occuring
ALCOHOLIC FERMENTATION
Occurs in some BACTERIA and YEAST (fungi)
 Used to produce beer and wine
 NAD+ is regenerated, thereby allowing glycolysis to
continue
CO2

Glucose
2 Pyruvate
(3C)
GLYCOLYSIS
2 NAD+
2 NADH
2 Acetaldehyde
(2C)
2 Ethanol
LACTIC ACID FERMENTATION
Occurs in ANIMALS
 Occurs in muscle cells, causing muscle pain
and fatigue

Glucose
2 Pyruvate
2 Lactate
GLYCOLYSIS
2 NAD+
2 NADH