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MUTATIONS PRESENTED BY: KARIN FULLER F R O M D N A TO P R OT E I N S TO T R A I T S A N D B E YO N D STANDARDS • Next Generation Science Standards: – Scientific & Engineering Practices • Developing and using models – Crosscutting Concepts • Structure and Function – Disciplinary Core Ideas • Life Sciences – LS 1: From molecules to organisms: Structures and Processes – LS 3: Heredity: Inheritance and variation of traits • Current ALCOS: – #8: Indentify the structure & function of DNA, RNA, and protein • Proposed new ALCOS – #3 Formulate an evidence-based explanation for how the structure of DNA determines the configuration of proteins that carry out the essential functions of life IMAGINE A WORLD… Where your survival is dependent on your ability to construct Lego ducks. Your skill at producing these ducks at a rapid and accurate rate will lead to your survival and ultimately the likelihood of passing on these “survival skills” or genes. Seems easy, right??? NOT SO FAST… Just like in our current world, where our survival depends on a multitude of things, and we all have unique capabilities that make us both likely and unlikely to be able to pass along our genes, your new world carries the same circumstances. RULES • In order to determine what skill set your have or what characteristic might hinder your from being successful at putting together Lego ducks (your mutation) you all have a segment of DNA. • Remember the Central Dogma! RULES 1. Copy down your DNA segment 2. Transcribe your DNA into RNA 3. Translate your RNA into Amino Acids 4. Check your protein sequence to determine what mutation you have. THE MUTATIONS Protein Met Protein Met Protein Met Protein Met Protein Met Protein Met Protein Met Protein Met Ile Phe Arg Val CHEERLEADER Ile Phe Gly Gly PAWS Ile Ser Gly Val SIGHTLESS Met Phe Gly Val ULTRA FAST Ile Phe Gly Val FORK FINGERS Ile Phe Gly Val TIME KEEPER Phe Gly Val Ser UNI-LEG Ile Phe Gly Val NO MUTATION Ser STOP Ser STOP Ser STOP Ser STOP Ser Tyr STOP STOP Ser STOP Check your protein fragment! THE MUTATIONS NO MUTATION FORK FINGERS • Your DNA sequence says that you have no noticeable mutation that would hinder your from constructing Lego ducks. • Your DNA sequence says that instead of normal fingers you have forks for fingers. • You will compete normally • You will wear gloves with forks attached THE MUTATIONS SIGHTLESS ULTRA FAST • Your DNA sequence says that you do not have the ability to see. • Your DNA sequence says that you have a mutation that makes you VERY fast at constructing LEGO ducks. • You will wear a blindfold • You will have a 10 second head start. THE MUTATIONS PAWS UNI-LEG • Your DNA sequence says that you will have paws for hands instead of individual fingers. • Your DNA sequence says that you have one leg instead of two. • You will wear ovenmitts • Your legs will be tied together. THE MUTATIONS TIME-KEEPER CHEERLEADER • Your DNA sequence says that you won’t actually be responsible for making ducks, but rather be the official time keeper • Your DNA sequence says that you too won’t be responsible for constructing ducks, but you will offer moral support for each competitor. • You will keep time at a specific lab station • You will cheer for a specific mutation THE COMPETITION THE RULES • Once your have determined your specific mutation or skill make your way to the correct lab station. • Time-keepers and cheerleaders will be assigned specific lab stations • As soon as your teachers says “GO” time keepers should begin timing and competitors should begin building. Remember, your survival depends on how quickly and efficiently you put together your ducks! • Ultra-fast competitors get a 10 second head start! LEGO DUCKS At your lab stations you have the necessary legos needed (plus maybe a few more?) in order to build the pictured duck. Good Luck! Your survival depends on it! ANALYSIS QUESTIONS 1. How did you determine what your mutation would be? 2. Were all of the mutations observed in this activity harmful? Were they all helpful? 3. Based on your prior knowledge of mutations, has your opinion changed as to whether or not all mutations are “bad”. 4. What was a mutation that proved beneficial in this new world? 5. Think of human mutations that could be beneficial vs. harmful or undesired.