Transcript Organic Chem

General Chemistry
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Carbon is a non-metal
Carbon has 4 valence electrons.
Carbon can form up to 4 bonds.
The Lewis Dot Structure for carbon shows how
carbon can form these 4 bonds.
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Meth – 1 carbon
Eth – 2 carbons
Prop – 3 carbons
But – 4 carbons
Pent – 5 carbons
Hex – 6 carbons
Hept – 7 carbons
Oct – 8 carbons
Non – 9 carbons
Dec – 10 carbons
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Hydrocarbons – contains the elements,
hydrogen and carbon
Carbohydrates – contains the elements,
hydrogen, carbon, and oxygen
Complex polymers
Biological molecules
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Three basic hydrocarbons
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Alkanes – single bonds between carbon atoms
Alkenes – double bonds between carbons atoms
Alkynes – triple bonds between carbon atoms
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Examples:
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 C-C is ethane
 C=C is ethene
 C= C is ethyne
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Petrochemicals contain hydrocarbons.
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Propane, butane, and octane are some of the most
common.
Propane is a single chained carbon molecule with 3
carbon atoms
Butane is a single chained carbon molecule with 4
carbon atoms.
Octane is a single chained carbon molecule with 8
carbon atoms
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Draw a Lewis Dot of the molecule.
Identify the number of hydrogen atoms and
attach as appropriate. Spread evenly.
Keep functional groups and carbon/hydrogen
groupings together.
Name the compound based on Functional
Groups.
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CH4
C2H6
C2H4
C2H2
CH3CH2OH
CH2O
C6H6
CH3COOH
methane
ethane
ethene
ethyne
ethanol
formaldehyde
benzene
acetic acid (ethanoic acid)
Saturated – a molecule whose carbon atoms bond
to the maximum number of hydrogen atoms
Unsaturated – a molecule that contains a carboncarbon multiple bond, to which more hydrogen
atoms can be added
Alkanes are typically saturated.
Alkenes and alkynes are unsaturated due to their
multiple bonds.
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Composed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.
Examples:
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Sucrose
Glucose
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Polymers are created when small molecules
link together in repetitive subunits.
Polymers can be natural or synthetic (humanmade)
Natural polymers: proteins and nucleic acids
Synthetic polymers: polythene, nylon, and
Kevlar
Common pharmaceuticals such as aspirin,
vitamins, and insulin are organic.
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Proteins – large biological molecule made of
many amino acids linked together though
amide (peptide) bonds
Peptide – an amide bond that links two amino
acids together
DNA
RNA
Amino Acids – a molecule that contains both
an amino group
and a
carboxylic acid
functional group.
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Nylon– a large molecule that is made of
repeating units containing polyamide (nitrogen
containing functional group)
Kevlar – see reading
Plastics – compounds formed from
petrochemicals which consist of long chains.
The stronger the plastic the more layering of
these long chains.
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Why are bottles for soda, much stronger than those
of water?