Transcript Cycles Power Point

Isle Royale is located in Lake Superior. Isle Royale is home to
populations of wolves and moose. The interactions between
the wolves and moose, as well as the individual population
sizes, have been studied since 1958. The graph shows the
population sizes over time for both wolves and moose.
Describe one limiting factor for the moose population.
• One limiting factor for the moose population is
predation. The moose population will decrease as wolves
prey upon moose. Predation would decrease the
population. Density - Dependent
OR
• One limiting factor for the moose population is
habitat destruction. Since the moose are on an island,
if their habitat is destroyed or affected, their
population could decrease. Density - Independent
OR
• Other limiting factors could include shelter, natural
disturbances, fresh water supply, food supply, and
disease. These would all serve to decrease the moose
population.
Class: Notebooks: Finish
Population Dynamics Activity:
Cycles
Homework: Notebook Checks
Week of 10/24; Ecology Test
10/28
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Finish to at least generation 12
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We are going to graph the predators and
prey
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Answer the following questions in
sentences:
◦ What caused the prey to increase?
◦ What caused the predators to increase?
◦ Were the causes in the change of
population due to density-dependent or
density-independent limiting factors?
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What would happen if there was a flood
in this area?
Would a flood cause a change in the
carrying capacity of the fox, mice or
both? Explain your reasoning.
When you are finished, put your paper
in the white basket.

Fill in the hydrologic cycle worksheet.
If you can fill it in correctly, you will
not need to read this section in the
book.
1. Water cycles between the oceans,
atmosphere and land.
A. Water enters the atmosphere as
water vapor, a gas, when water
evaporates from the ocean or other
bodies of water.
◦ Evaporation—the process by which
water changes from a liquid to a gas.
B. Water can also enter the
atmosphere by evaporating from the
leaves of plants—Transpiration.
C. Precipitation--rain, snow, sleet, or hail
◦ The sun heats the atmosphere.
◦ Warm, moist air rises and cools.
◦ Eventually, the water vapor condenses
into tiny droplets that form clouds.
◦ When the droplets become large enough,
the water return to Earth’s surface.
D. Run-off—Precipitation runs along the
surface of the ground until it enters a river or
a stream that carries the run-off back to an
ocean or lake.
E. Infiltration/Seepage—Rain also seeps into
the soil, some of it deeply enough to become
ground water. Water in the soil enters plants
through the roots, and the water cycle begins
anew.
Condensation
Condensation
Precipitation
Precipitation
Transpiration
Seepage
Ground Water
Evaporation
Surface Run-off
OXYGEN CYCLE
Oxygen cycles indirectly through an ecosystem by
the cycling of other nutrients.
oxygen
photosynthesis
respiration
carbon
dioxide
1. Every organic molecule contains the
element carbon.
A. Carbon and oxygen form carbon
dioxide gas (CO2), an important
component of the atmosphere.
B. Carbon dioxide is taken in by plants during
photosynthesis and is given off by plants and
animals during cellular respiration.
◦ Cellular respiration is a process where cells
transform chemical energy (sugar) into a
useable form of energy (ATP).
2. Four main types of processes move carbon
through its cycle:
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Biological processes, such as
photosynthesis, cellular respiration,
and decomposition, take up and release
carbon and oxygen.
Geochemical processes, such as erosion
and volcanic activity, release carbon
dioxide into the atmosphere and
oceans.
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Mixed biogeochemical processes, such as the
burial and decomposition of dead organisms
and their conversion under pressure into coal
and petroleum (fossil fuels), store carbon
underground.
Human activities, such as mining, cutting and
burning forests, and burning fossil fuels (car
emissions, electricity), release carbon
dioxide into the atmosphere.
Burning of
Fossil Fuels
Coal & Petroleum
CO2 in atmosphere
Cellular
Respiration
Decomposition of
dead organisms
Photosynthesis
1. All organisms require nitrogen to make
amino acids, which in turn are used to build
proteins.
A.
Nitrogen gas makes up 78% of Earth’s
atmosphere.
B. Nitrogen containing substances such as
ammonia (NH3), nitrites (NO2-), and nitrates
(NO3-) are found in the wastes produced by
many organisms and in dead and decaying
organic matter
C. Nitrate is major component of plant
fertilizers.
2. Nitrogen gas is the most
abundant form but only certain
bacteria can use this form.
A. Such bacteria live in the soil and
on the roots of plants.
B. These bacteria convert nitrogen
gas into ammonium--nitrogen
fixation
C. Other bacteria in the soil
convert ammonia into nitrites and
nitrates.
3. Once the nitrites and nitrates are
available, producers (plants) can use them
to make proteins.
◦ Consumers then eat the producers and
reuse the nitrogen to make their own
proteins.
4. When organisms die, decomposers return
nitrogen to the soil as ammonia.
5. Other soil bacteria convert nitrates into
nitrogen gas--denitrification. This process
releases nitrogen into the atmosphere once
again.
Nitrogen in atmosphere (N2)
Denitrification
Nitrogen
Decomposers
return ammonia to
soil
Nitrates
(NO3-)
Nitrites
(NO2-)
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The phosphorus cycle takes place at and below
ground level.
– Phosphate is released by the weathering of rocks.
– Phosphorus moves through the food web and returns to
the soil during
decomposition.
– Phosphorus leaches
into groundwater
from the soil and
is locked in
sediments.
– Both mining and
agriculture add
phosphorus into
the environment.
rain
plants
geologic uplifting
weathering of
phosphate from rocks
runoff
animalsphosphate
phosphate in solution
in soil
leaching
decomposers
sedimentation
forms new rocks