Transcript Synthetic polymers

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Large, usually chainlike molecules that are
built from small molecules called monomers.
Form the basis for synthetic fibers, rubbers and
plastics
50% of the industrial chemist in the U.S. work
in some area of polymer chemistry
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The simplest and one of the best-known
polymers is polyethylene
It is constructed from ethylene monomers
Its tough, flexible plastic
Used for piping, bottles, electrical insulation,
packaging films, garbage bags…
Name
Formula
Name
Formula
uses
Ethylene
polyethylene
Plastic piping, bottles,
electrical insulation,
toys
Propylene
polypropylene
Film for packaging,
carpets, lab wares, toys
Vinyl Chloride
Polyvinyl
chloride
Piping, siding, floor,
tile, clothing, toys
Acrylonitrile
Polyacrylonitril
e
Carpets, fabrics
Tetrafluoroethylene
Teflon
Cooking utensils,
electrical insulation,
bearings
Styrene
Polystyrene
Containers, thermal
insulation, toys
butadiene
Polybutadiene
Tire tread, coating resin
Styrenebutadiene
rubber
Synthetic rubber
Butadiene and
Styrene
See above
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Inert, tough, nonflammable material
Used for electrical insulation, nonstick coatings
on cooking utensils, and bearings for lowtemperature applications.
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An addition polymer is a polymer which is
formed by an addition reaction, where many
monomers bond together via rearrangement of
bonds without the loss of any atom or molecule.
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Monomers simply “add together” to produce
the polymer
No other products are formed
Initiated by a free radical(a species with an
unpaired electron)
Free radical attacks and breaks the ∏ bond of
an ethylene molecule to form a new free radical
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Repetition of this process thousands of times
creates a long-chain polymer…..
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Condensation polymers are any kind of
polymers formed through a condensation
reaction--where molecules join together--losing
small molecules as by-products such as water
or methanol, as opposed to addition polymers
which involve the reaction of unsaturated
monomers.
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Most familiar polymer produced by
condensation
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Industrially produced chemical substances
consisting of a number of molecules linked
together with covalent bonds. Examples
include plastics, synthetic fibers such as
synthetic rubber.
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Proteins!!!!
Make up 15% of our body!!!
Provide structural integrity and strength
form types of tissue and are the main
component of muscle, hair, and cartilage
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Building blocks of all proteins are the amino
acids….
Called amino acids because the amino group (NH2) is always attached to the carbon.
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anything plastic
proteins, such as hair, nails, tortoise shell
cellulose in paper and trees
DNA
silly putty
rubber
And lots lots more!
Once again polymers are just large molecules
composed of subunits!
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Every day, a person comes into contact with dozens, if not hundreds, of plastics and polymers.
Consider a day in the life of a hypothetical teenage girl. She gets up in the morning, brushes her teeth
with a toothbrush made of nylon, then opens a shower door—which is likely to be plastic rather than
glass—and steps into a molded plastic shower or bathtub. When she gets out of the shower, she dries
off with a towel containing a polymer such as rayon, perhaps while standing on tile that contains
plastics, or polymers.
She puts on makeup (containing polymers) that comes in plastic containers, and later blow-dries her
hair with a handheld hair dryer made of insulated plastic. Her clothes, too, are likely to contain
synthetic materials made of polymers. When she goes to the kitchen for breakfast, she will almost
certainly walk on flooring with a plastic coating. The countertops may be of formica, a condensation
polymer, while it is likely that virtually every appliance in the room will contain plastic. If she opens
the refrigerator to get out a milk container, it too will be made of plastic, or of paper with a thin plastic
coating. Much of the packaging on the food she eats, as well as sandwich bags and containers for
storing food, is also made of plastic.
And so it goes throughout the day. The phone she uses to call a friend, the computer she sits at to
check her e-mail, and the stereo in her room all contain electrical components housed in plastic. If she
goes to the gym, she may work out in Gore-tex, a fabric containing a very thin layer of plastic with
billions of tiny pores, so that it lets through water vapor (that is, perspiration) without allowing the
passage of liquid water. On the way to the health club, she will ride in a car that contains numerous
plastic molds in the steering wheel and dashboard. If she plays a compact disc—itself a thin wafer of
plastic coated with metal—she will pull it out of a plastic jewel case. Finally, at night, chances are she
will sleep in sheets, and with a pillow, containing synthetic polymers.
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•elements
•metals
•ionic compounds, such as salt
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The purpose of this experiment is to introduce
the concept of polymers.
Polymers, both natural and synthetic, play an
integral role in our daily lives. Naturallyoccurring polymers include cellulose
(mentioned in gun cotton demo), rubber, skin,
hair, DNA, etc. There are also many synthetic
polymers that have been incorporated into
every aspect of our lives, such as nylon, rayon,
polyester, plastics, PVC, chewing gum, etc.
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“slime” is considered a synthetic polymer
Synthetic polymer’s vary in properties
PVA is an addition polymer and makes up the polymer
portion of the chemical reaction. This polymer is built on a
carbon-chain backbone, with a –OH group on every other
carbon. The abundance of –OH groups along each polymer
strand allows it to form hydrogen bonds, which means poly
(vinyl alcohol) is very soluble in water. Since the molecules
are so large and bulky, the dissolving process is slow. The
presence of –OH groups also makes it possible for poly
(vinyl alcohol) to form hydrogen bonds with other
molecules, such as the borate ion, B(OH)4-. These hydrogen
bonds are what give slime its special physical properties.
The long, straight strands of poly (vinyl alcohol) begin to
twist and turn as hydrogen bonds begin to form between the
–OH groups on borate ions and PVA.
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Test the properties of the “slime”
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Can you stretch it if you pull the Slime slowly?
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What happens when you pull the Slime hard?
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Roll a piece of Slime into a ball and drop it. What happens?
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Place a small piece of Slime on the table top. Hit it with your hand.
What happens?
Write your name on a piece of paper with a felt-tip pen. Place the
Slime on your name, the lift it up. Did anything happen? Can you
explain why?
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Addition_polymer
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condensation_polymer
http://chemistry.about.com/od/chemistryfaqs/f/examples-of-polymers.htm
Chemistry, 6th edition, Zumdahl
http://www.google.com/#hl=en&sclient=psyab&q=is+the+gelation+of+polyvinyl+alcohol+with+borax+a+polymerization&oq=is+the+gelation+of
+polyvinyl+alcohol+with+borax+a+polymerization&aq=f&aqi=&aql=&gs_l=serp.3...6572.14918.0.152
03.24.24.0.0.0.4.221.3435.0j19j3.22.0...0.0.z7InTKOLiZI&pbx=1&bav=on.2,or.r_gc.r_pw.r_qf.,cf.osb&fp=
f91ecbc096e1e74e&biw=1280&bih=930
http://www.chem.fsu.edu/outreach/slime.php
http://www.rsc.org/learn-chemistry/content/filerepository/CMP/00/000/531/cce-77.pdf
http://www.chymist.com/PVA%20Slime.pdf
http://www.answers.com/topic/polymers