Transcript File - Perkins Science

Biology
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Final Exam Review Questions
What is the difference between aerobic and
anaerobic?
Describe: pH
In the graph below, what is happening to the activity
of intestinal protease as the pH changes?
Describe what is happening in the picture below:
Enzymes are a type of…
A. protein
 B. nucleic acid
 C. lipid
 D. carbohydrate

In the picture below, What does #1 refer to?
In the picture below, What does #2 refer to?
In the picture below, What does #3 refer to?
In the reaction below, can the enzyme be re-used
after the reaction takes place?
Amino acids are the building blocks for:
proteins
 lipids
 nucleic acids
 carbohydrates


What process is
represented in the
animation?
Describe what is happening in the picture below
Describe what
is meant by
“semipermeable”

Which has a nucleus and which has a nucleoid?

Prokaryotes

Eukaryotes
To what molecule is the arrow pointing?
Which structures are found in every living cell?
1)a cell wall and
nucleus
 2) chloroplasts and
mitochondria
 3) a cell membrane
and cytoplasm
 4)centrioles and
chromosomes

What is “C” in the cell below?
What is “B” in the cell below?
What is “A” in the cell below?
What is “D” in the cell below?
WHAT IS THE CELL WALL MADE OF?
THE PICTURE BELOW REPRESENTS…

CHOOSE ONE:
PLANT CELL
 MUSHROOM
 BRAIN
 ANIMAL CELL
 PROKARYOTE

#1 REPRESENTS…

CHOOSE ONE:
NUCLEUS
 CHLOROPLAST
 MITOCHONDRION
 GOLGI
 CELL MEMBRANE

#2 REPRESENTS…

CHOOSE ONE:
NUCLEUS
 CHLOROPLAST
 MITOCHONDRION
 GOLGI
 CELL MEMBRANE

#3 REPRESENTS…

CHOOSE ONE:
NUCLEUS
 CHLOROPLAST
 MITOCHONDRION
 GOLGI
 CELL MEMBRANE

#4 REPRESENTS…

CHOOSE ONE:
NUCLEUS
 CHLOROPLAST
 MITOCHONDRION
 GOLGI
 CELL MEMBRANE

HOW DO YOU KNOW THAT THIS CELL IS A…
EUKARYOTE

Which of the following organelles is correctly
matched with its function?




ER : heredity
Golgi apparatus:
packaging
mitochondria: digestion
chloroplasts: storage of
lipids
ATP (adenosine tri-phosphate)
stores energy in the bonds
between its three phosphate
functional groups. AMP
(adenosine mono-phosphate)
therefore has more energy
than ATP and ADP (adenosine
di-phosphate).
True/false

How many sex chromosomes are
there in a normal human gamete?
 23
 22
2
1

In MALES, gametes are produced by cells
found in the




small intestine
testes
heart
ovaries
WHAT’S A GAMETE?
WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF
MEIOSIS?

What is happening to the sister chromatids in this
picture?
How do you know that this is meiosis?
If an organism has a diploid number of 16,
how many chromosomes does it sperm or
egg cells contain?
How many autosomes are there in
a normal human liver cell?
44
46
22
23
A solution with a higher
concentration of OH- ions
than H+ ions is considered to
be alkaline or basic.
True/false
What is happening in the lysosome?

It has something to do with water
Describe osmosis
Watch, and then describe…………..
What’s happening here?
Blood CELL in different solutions:
ISOTONIC:
SAME SALT
HYPOTONIC:
LOW SALT
HYPERTONIC:
HIGH SALT
The Introduction of a lab report
includes: background material, the
purpose for the lab, and the
hypothesis.
True/False?
To get an object into focus under high power you
must first find the object using the low power
objective lens and THEN switch to the high
power lens, then turn the coarse adjustment,
then finally turn the fine adjustment.
True/false
ATP (adenosine tri-phosphate) stores energy in the
bonds between its three phosphate functional
groups. AMP (adenosine mono-phosphate)
therefore has more energy than ATP and ADP
(adenosine di-phosphate).
True/false
A solution with a higher concentration of OH- ions
than H+ ions is considered to be alkaline or
basic.
True/false
The four main classes of macromolecules found in
living things are: Lipids, Proteins,
Carbohydrates, and Vitamins/Minerals.
True/false
Enzymes are produced by living cells- they are
biological catalysts that usually are not used
up in a reaction.
True/false?

Define “biology”

How many different species exist on this planet?

Which of the following is the smallest?





Molecule
Atoms
Cell
Organ
Organ system

Define “biosphere”

Which is larger and more comprehensive?



Class
Order
species

Name the five kingdoms of life.

The smallest unit of life is the
____________________________.

Define “hypothesis”

In the mouthwash lab the _________ variable
was the mouthwash and the __________ variable
was the absence or presence of a ring of
inhibition.

An object viewed under the microscope using
the high power power objective lens (40x) is
____ times larger.

A “compound” is defined as …

Which element can bind to four other elements?

Water has several unique properties that make it one
of the most important compounds found in living
things. This quality is/ These qualities are:
a. dissolves polar compounds like sugars due to its own polar
nature.
b. moderates temperature because most of the thermal energy
that the water initially absorbs breaks the hydrogen bonds
between the molecules instead of increasing the motion of
the molecules & raising the temperature of water.
c. moves upward through narrow tubes against the force of
gravity by way of capillarity
d. Two of the answers are correct.
e. Three of the answers are correct.
Starch is…

a.
b.
c.
d.
Protein
Carbohydrate
Nucleic acid
lipid
DNA is…

a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Carbohydrate
Starch
Nucleic acid
Protein
lipid

___________ is a compound that supplies energy to
living things.

Name the organelle that supplies energy to the
cell.

Where in the cell does glycolysis take place?

Name the “end product” of glycolysis.

In yeast, which two products are made from
anaerobic respiration?

If anaerobic respiration in yeast produces Carbon
dioxide and alcohol, then why don’t we feel the
effects of alcohol when we eat bread?

What is the product of anaerobic respiration in
humans?

What two electron carriers are produced during
the Krebs Cycle?

Where in the cell does the Krebs Cycle occur?

Where in the cell does the Calvin Cycle occur?

What is the main product of the Calvin Cycle?

Name two products of the light reaction in
photosynthesis that supply energy to make sugar.

Name one product of the photosynthetic light
reactions that is found in the air we breathe.

During chemiosmosis, what happens to the pH of
the interior of the thylakoid membrane?

Name the enzyme that makes ATP using ADP and
phosphate.

Name the enzyme that “fixes” carbon dioxide gas
and attaches it to a carbohydrate.

Name the organelle that carries out
photosynthesis.

Name the organelle that produces proteins.

Name the organelle that carries out waste
management for the cell.

Name the organelle that might be used to store
water in plant cells.

Name the structure in plant cells that surrounds
the cell and is made of cellulose.

Name the organelle that is the control center for
the cell.
1.
Which of the following is insoluble in water?
a. Olive oil
b. Amino acids
c. Sucrose
d. Salt
Which of the following substances or structures has
no connection with lipids.
a. fat.
b. vegetable oil.
c. starch.
d. wax.
e. cell membranes.
What is the pH optimum for the enzyme?

Name one organelle found in prokaryotes.

Name the fluid in the chloroplast

Name the pancake-like structures in the
chloroplast

Define: granum

In which part of the chloroplast do the light
reactions occur?

What is the function of the stroma?

What wavelengths of light are absorbed by
chlorophyll a?

What wavelengths of light drive photosynthesis?

What is an autotroph?

At which biochemical step of photosynthesis is
oxygen made?
Which reactions of photosynthesis produce
NADPH?
ATP and NADPH made in the _____ _________ are used
to proved energy to the __________ cycle, which
occurs in the stroma.
Fill in the blanks

In photosystem II, the electrons from water are
used to replace the electrons lost in which
pigment molecule?

Define the term ‘chemiosmosis’.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Autotrophic
Heterotrophic
Anaerobic
aerobic
The absence of oxygen is also called…
Why doesn’t bread taste like alcohol?

How many ATP molecules are required to make
one complete turn of the Calvin cycle?

How many ATP molecules would it take to make
one PGAL molecule?

When hydrogen ions build up inside the
thylakoids, is the pH low or high?
In CAM plants, when are the stomata open?

In C4 plants, carbon dioxide is fixed to a ____ carbon molecule called OAA.
What is different about C4 plants that allows them
to fix carbon dioxide even when the stomata are
closed?

Name three C4 plants

Name two CAM plants

Name 3 factors that affect the rate of
photosynthesis.

Name 3 reactants and 2 products of
photosynthesis.

Show (in a biochemical equation) how
photosynthesis is the reverse of cellular
respiration.

Where in the cell does glycolysis occur?

What molecule is the final product of glycolysis?

What causes lactic acid fermentation?

What are the two products of alcohol
fermentation in yeast?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Stroma
Cristae
Inner membrane
Outer membrane
matrix
Which of the following is NOT a part of the
mitochondrion?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Light reactions
Dark reactions
Calvin cycle
Glycolysis
Krebs cycle
Where does the carbon dioxide come from
that you breathe out?
How does rat poison kill the rat?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Electron acceptor
Electron donor
Electron carrier
Trans-membrane protein
Describe the role of oxygen in electron transport…

Which enzyme is the most abundant on the
planet?
A potato placed into a salt solution will

a.
b.
Shrink
swell

Describe what will happen to a cell that is placed
into an isotonic solution

Describe what will happen to a cell that is placed
into a hypertonic solution

Describe what will happen to a cell that is placed
into a hypotonic solution.