Transcript The Northern Renaissance

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England
France
Germany
Flanders (Netherlands/Belgium)
Northern Europe adapts to Renaissance
1. Interest in classical culture
2. A curiosity about the world
3. A belief in human potential
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Population recovers from plague
Hundred Years’ War ends in 1453
Patrons
Cities grow rapidly
England and France unify under strong monarchs
who are art patrons
Students and visitors from Italy bring back ideas
Artists and writers move to northern Europe fleeing
war in Italy (1494)
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Northern Renaissance artists interested in
realism
Humanists interested in social reform based on
Judeo-Christian values
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Albrecht Durer (German)
Woodcuts and engravings
Religious subjects
Realistic landscapes
Classical myths
Influenced Hans Holbein
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Painting of his father
Engraving
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Jan van Eyck’s paintings
are realistic
Flemish
used oil based and
layers of paint
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The Arnolfini Portrait
 Oranges-symbols of
fertility
 Dog represents fidelity
 Mirror stands for purity
 Single burning candle
symbolizes the all seeing
Christ
 People reflected in the
mirror in the back
 Shoes off-holy ground
 Above the mirror—
writing “Johannes de
Eyck fuit hic 1434”
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Fresco---Painting on wet plaster
Fresco used by Michelangelo in the Sistine Chapel
However, oil painting used by Jan Van Eyck
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Pieter Bruegel the Elder
Flemish
Peasant life
Realistic details and
individuals
Scenes from everyday life
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Peasant Wedding
The bride sits under the
paper crown
Notice the furnishings
Groom may be the one
sitting across from the
bride
Relaxed, humorous,
and focused on ordinary
people
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What can be learned about people’s daily lives
from examining the painting Peasant Wedding?
Where ordinary people lived, what they ate, how
they dressed, how they celebrated
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German painter who moved to London and
painted for Henry VIII
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Portrait of Anne of
Cleves
Henry VIII criticized the
portrait as having been
too flattering
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What factors might have influenced the trend
toward a more realistic style of art?
Artists could travel and thereby learn better
techniques; oil paints made more realistic, subtle
paintings possible
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Criticize the Catholic
Church, start Christian
humanism
Want to reform society
and promote education,
particularly for women
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Desiderius Erasmus (picture by Holbein)
 From Holland and wrote in Latin
 Christian humanist
 WroteThe Praise of Folly which poked fun at flaws
in real people
 Said people should read the Bible
 Wanted Church reform but not separate church
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Thomas More
 English and wrote in Latin
 Concerned with society’s flaws
 Utopia-tried to show ideal
model of society (no war,
corruption, greed, little use of
money)
 Utopia means “no place” in
Greek
 Beheaded because would not
accept Henry VIII as head of
the Church of England
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Who ruled in Plato’s
ideal society?
The philosopher king
The goal of More’s
Utopia was social and
political equality for all.
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What similarities were there in the works of
Erasmus and Thomas More?
Both wanted to improve society; both believed
that greed caused problems
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Christine de Pizan, one
of the first women
writers
She promotes
education, equal
treatment for boys and
girls
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“ I am amazed by the opinion of some men who
claim that they do not want their daughters,
wives, or kinswomen to be educated because
their mores (morals) would be ruined as a
result…Here you can clearly see that not all
opinions of men are based on reason and that
these men are wrong.”
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William Shakespeare
 English; born in
Stratford-upon-Avon in
1564
 Plays examine human
flaws
 Drew on Greek and
Roman classics
 Tragedies: Macbeth,
Hamlet, Orthello, King
Lear
 Comedies: A Midsummer
Night’s Dream
 The Taming of the Shrew
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Today, almost 400 years after his death, the
language of Shakespeare is all around us.
“at one fell swoop”
“foul play”
“good riddance”
“high time”
“lie low”
“Mum’s the word”
“vanish into thin air”
“neither here nor there”
“the game is up”
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1558-1603
Queen Elizabeth Ipatron of the arts
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How did Elizabeth I contribute to the
Renaissance?
She was well educated and supported writers
and artists. She spoke and could read six
languages: English, French, Italian, Spanish,
Greek, and Latin.
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Chinese Invention
Around 1045 Bi Sheng of China invents movable type
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Around 1440 Johann
Gutenberg of Germany
develops printing press
Printing press allows for
quick cheap book
production
First book printed with
movable type,
Gutenberg Bible (1455)
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He printed 200 copies of the Bible.
Invented oil-based ink.
Soon after he printed his Bible, his creditors took
over the press because he failed to repay his debts.
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It took 5 months to
copy a single book by
hand
One man and a printing
press could produce 500
books in the same
amount of time.
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2700 BC Egyptians write books on papyrus scrolls
1000 BC Chinese make books by writing on strips of bamboo
300 AD Romans write on sheets of parchment (treated animal
skin)
800 AD Irish monks hand-write and hand-illustrate The Book
of Kells
1455 Gutenberg prints the first complete book on a printing
press
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How did the invention of the
printing press help spread
learning and Renaissance
ideas?
Book were cheaper (more
could buy them)
News quicker
Rise of literacy
Published accounts of maps
and charts lead to more
discoveries
Political structures and
religious practices are
questioned
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In partners, create a consensus circle to illustrate and explain “What are
the most signifcant developments in the history of news/
information/idea/communication dissemination?”
List and illustrate 5 most significant developments in the history of
information dissemination. Most significant in the center circle to least
significant in the outer circles.
Include 2-5 explanations on why are the most significant and predict
where you see each item developing in the next 5-10 years.
Answer these two questions on the paper as well in relevance to the video
on News in the Digital age video.
 Describe what is happening to newspapers in the U.S. that is driving
their transformation to more digital technology.
 Compare newspaper redesigns in print and newspaper distribution
electronically. Is the quality of the news affected? Why or why not?
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Art influenced by
classical Greece and
Rome
Realistic portrayals of
individuals and nature
Art is both secular and
religious
Writers use vernacular
Art praises individual
achievements
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Performances were often
wild affairs.
If the audiences did not
like the play, they booed
loudly, pelted the stage
with garbage (oranges,
nuts, apples, and
gingerbread) and
sometimes attacked the
actors.
A full house was about
3,000 paying customers.
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In the 1500s, 75% of Europeans lived in rural areas.
However, many cities experienced much growth.
London-200,000 people in 1600
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If a pound was worth $400 in today’s currency, then a shilling
was worth $20 and a penny was worth about $1.66.
This means that a skilled worker earned $5,200 per year.
A merchant would earn about $40,000.
The cost of a theater performance was 1 shilling ($20) for the
lords’ room, 6 pence ($10) for the gentlemen’s rooms, 2
pence ($3.30) for the galleries, and 1 penny ($1.66) for the pit.
One in every 10 people in London went to the theater at least
once a week.
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A typical meal for wealthy
Londoners
› Fish, several kinds of
meat, bread, and a
variety of vegetables,
served on silver or
pewter tableware.
The diet of the poor was
simpler.
› Rarely ate fish, meat, or
cheese. Usually their
meals consisted of a
pottage-a kind of soupof vegetables. They ate
their meals from a
hollowed out slab of
bread or wood.
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IN PARTNERS: Each
partner groups will turn
in ONE copy as
PARTNERS for each
station. You will be in
larger groups but MUST
have a partner to work
with in THAT group.
Station one: On a group
sheet of paper,
interpret the piece of
art on pg. 470
(ANSWER all questions.
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Station two: WRITE 1015 Shakespearean
insults to an antagonist
in one of his plays.
Station three: Using
your Shakespearean
words sheet interpret
and WRITE one of the
pieces of Shakespeare
from the packet of
plays.
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How did the northern Renaissance differ from the
Italian Renaissance?
Stronger interest in realistic art; more of an
emphasis on changing society
In what ways did Renaissance art connect to the
past?
Copied Greek and Roman styles, created religious
works
In what ways did it break with the past?
Increase in secular art, more realistic style, use of
vernacular, emphasis on the individual