Transcript Amylase - cloudfront.net

Amylase
Matthew Ramos
Alan Navarro
What is an Enzyme?
• Enzymes are a type of protein made when the
DNA of a cell is transcribed into RNA and amino
acids come together to form a polypeptide chain,
just like any other protein.
• All enzymes, based on their primary structure,
have unique 3-D shapes that are important for
the ability of the protein to carry out its tasks
(the idea of form fits function)
Form Fits Function
• As I said, every type of enzyme has its own
unique sequence of amino acids that make it up.
• This sequence determines the 3-D shape of the
enzyme, as well as the shape of the active site.
• The active site is what binds with the substrate
(reactants) in order to decrease activation
energy.
• Due to their shape, each active site can only bind
to a specific substrate (enzymes and substrates
fit together similar to a lock and key).
Amylase
• It was the first enzyme to be discovered
and isolated, by Anselme Payen in 1833.
• It has three different forms: (Alpha
Amylase, Beta Amylase, Gamma Amylase)
that are each found in different areas of
the body.
• For example: Saliva, Pancreas, Digestive
lining.
What does amylase do?
• Amylase is a digestive enzyme that acts on starch
in food, breaking it down into smaller
carbohydrate molecules.
• Carbohydrates are an important and immediate
source of energy for the body.
http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=2
0110918162818AAUROrt
3 Types of Amylase
• (Alpha)For the human body, the saliva and pancreas both contain alpha
amylase, it is the major digestive enzyme in the body.
• Its optimal PH is around 6.7-7.0.
• Beta amylase is found only in the digestive tract and it has an optimal
PH of 4.0-5.0.
• The other tissues from animals and humans do not contain Beta
Amylase, due to the high acidity.
• Gamma Amylase has the most acidic optimal PH out of all 3 types of
amylases.
• Its optimal and most active level is around 3.
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amylase
Factors that Affect It
• Just like other enzymes, amylase is sensitive to
changes in its environment; these changes can
greatly affect the ability of the enzyme to
function.
• Among the factors that influence this enzyme
are:
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Temperature
PH
Substrate Concentration
Inhibitors
Regulating
• As is common if most form of life, Amylase is
regulated allosterically, meaning that an
inhibitor will attach it self to a spot on the
enzyme and from there will either stabilize the
active or inactive form of amylase
• Chloride is known for being able to activate
amylase enzymes in mammals
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amylase
http://baylorbarbee.com/blog/how-to-changethe-world/
Uses in the Real World
• Blood and urine tests can determine the
concentration of amylase in the blood.
• Since it should be a low value, higher than normal
values on this test can help doctors detect pancreatic
diseases.
• Industrially, amylase is used for things like making
beer by breaking down maltose.
• Its presence in yeast is also important for breadmaking.
• It is even used by the clothing industry to soften
starches in fabric (makes clothes softer)
Uses in the Real World (continued)
• A potato is very starchy and doesn’t contain a lot
of sugar. However, when you chew one it will
taste sweet because Amylase is breaking down
the starch and turning it into sugar.
•
http://www.dothegreenthing.com/blog/you_say_potato_i_say_f_ing_amazing
• http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20110918162818AAUROrt
Without it
• If the body did not have amylase, then it would
not be able to break down food. The body won’t
get the energy it needs and will ultimately cease
to function
• However, supplements that help maintain
proper levels of amylase are available.
•
http://www.anyvitamins.com/amylase-info.htm
Quiz!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
• What is the function of Amylase in the body?
• Name 2 types of amylase found in the human
body.
• Name two real world uses of Amylase.
Extra Sources
• http://www.enzymeessentials.com/HTML/amylase.html
•
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amylase
•
http://www.anyvitamins.com/amylase-info.htm
•
http://www.princeton.edu/~achaney/tmve/wiki100k/docs/Amylase.ht
ml
• http://healthyeating.sfgate.com/functions-amylase-protease-lipasedigestive-enzymes-3325.html
• http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20110918162818AAUR
Ort