Transcript Chp 4 notes-key to RAD guide

June 2, 2016
1.
2.
3.


Producers
Consumers
Decomposers
Energy enters at the producers
Comes from the sun
 Plants
take energy from the sun &
use it in photosynthesis.
 They use energy to give off O2
and produce sugars
Small protists and bacteria
 Get energy from inorganic molecules
(chemicals)

Herbivores: eat only plants
a. Example: cow
2. Carnivores: eat other herbivores and/or
carnivores
a. Example: lions
3. Omnivores: eat plants and meat
a. Example: humans
4. Scavengers: Feed on dead organisms
a. Example: vultures
1.
Primary eat only producers
 Secondary eat primary consumers
 Tertiary eat other carnivores
(secondary and other tertiary)

 They
recycle nutrients from
organisms back into the
environment
◦ Examples: bacteria and fungi
 Convert
organic matter in
organisms back into simple form,
so plants can use them to build
new organic matter
 1st trophic level = Producers
 2nd trophic level = Primary
consumers
 3rd trophic level = Secondary
consumers
 Decomposers are on all levels
above the 1st
 Autotrophs
make their own food
and heterotrophs get food from
eating others
1.
2.
3.
4.
Producers: an organism that makes its own
food from inorganic molecules and energy
Consumers: an organism that cannot make
its own food
Decomposers: a bacteria or fungus that
consumes the bodies of dead organisms
and other organic waste
Trophic Level: a layer in the structure of
feeding relationships in an ecosystem
 Linked
by interactions between
trophic levels
A
food web includes all the food
chains in an ecosystem.
 Changes
in population of one
organism can affect populations
of other organisms
◦ Examples: decrease the number
of whales, increase the number
of krill
 Food
webs with more diversity are
more stable because can
withstand a loss of one species
without collapsing completely

DDT is a pesticide
◦ Sprayed on crops to kill insects
◦ Washed away into river/lakes where
it entered the food web
◦ Eventually got into bald eagles and
caused the egg shells to be too thin
1.
2.
3.
See notes above
Food Chain
for answer!
Food Web
Biological Magnification: the
increasing concentration of a
pollutant in organisms at higher
trophic levels in a food web
 Biomass
is total amount of
organic matter present in a
trophic level.
 Scientists can follow transfer of
energy between trophic levels
 There
is a loss of energy from one
trophic level to the next
 Shows
the mass of organic matter
at each trophic level
Shows
amount of
mass NOT
energy!!
 It
moves in the form of food
 Carbon,
Oxygen
 By
Hydrogen, Nitrogen,
not having 1 or more,
producers cannot make food
1.
2.
Biomass:
Ecological Pyramid:
See notes
above for
answer!
 Carbon,
Oxygen
 Make
Hydrogen, Nitrogen,
up 96% of human body
 Elements
move in cycles, whereas
energy flows through a system
 Growth
of photosynthetic
organisms because used CO2 in
photosynthesis to make food
 Nitrogen
is required to make
amino acids (building blocks of
proteins)
1.
2.
3.
Evaporation: the movement of water
into the atmosphere as it changes
from a liquid to a gas
Transpiration: the evaporation of
water from the leaves of plants
Legumes: a plant that has colonies of
nitrogen-fixing bacteria on its roots