Transcript Powerpoint Renaissance - Alvord Unified School District

The
Renaissance
Rebirth
of
Civilization
Chief Characteristics and
Changes
A. New importance to individual expression,
self-consciousness& worldly experience
1. (ideal “Renaissance Man”)
B. Scholars, poets, craftsmen & artists were
supported by patrons
1. Medici, Sforza, the Church
C. Scholasticism becomes humanism
D. Feudalism becomes nation-state
E. Science and Discoveries leads to the World
beyond Europe
Italy and Renaissance
A. Italy formed of City States
1. Like small countries
2. Dominated by powerful families (princes or
signori)
3. Led by Venice, Florence, Milan, Papal States
and Naples
4. Leaders in trade
5. Economy flourishes
6. Gateway to discoveries
Italy and Renaissance(con’t)
B. Class divisions in city states
1. Old rich and new rich
2. Middle class merchants
3. Popolo minuto (poor)
C. Possible to make career as a
public servant
D. administratiors make will of
“prince” the reality
Literature, Philosophy, and
Scholarship
A. Humanism
1. Reaction to scholasticism
2. Return to classics-original source
3. Back to classic norms and values
4. Study humanities be wise and virtuous
a. Grammar, history, poetry, rhetoric
Humanism (con’t)
5. Challenge to Church interpretations
6. Church fears self-reliance leads away from
God(also weakens their power)
7. Travels South to North
8. Becomes snobbish with time
Humanists (Italy)
1. Petrarch (Father)-Letters to Ancient Dead
a. Christian & Clasical coexist uneasily
2. Dante-Divine Comedy
3. Boccaccio-Decameron
a. tales of sexual & economic misconduct
4. Their work leads to Florentine Platonic
Academy
Humanists (con’t)
5. Castiglione-book of the Courtier
a. how to behave in a variety of situations
6. Pico della Mirandola-Oration on the
Dignity of Man
a. Free to be as you choose
7. Christina de Pisan-Book of Three Virtues
a. how to be an early feminist
8. Lorenzo Valla-Donation of Constantine
a. blow to the Church
Northern Humanists
1. Erasmus (most famous)
a.Christian Humanism-reconciles classical values,
civic virtue & old-school Christian beliefs
b. scholastic debates over doctrine interfere with
Christian practice, contrasts Christ with clerical
practices of time
c. spreads ideas with printing press
d. Colloquies, In Praise of Folly
e. promotes vernacular translations of original texts
Northern Humanists (con’t)
2. Germans & French provide support for
Luther & Calvin
3. Thomas More-Utopia
a. perfect society (reason, tolerance & shared
property)
4. More and Erasmus are buddies
Italian Politics and the rise of
Nation States
A. Italian Politics during
the Renaissance
1. Ciompi revolt (1378)Italian Jacquerie
2. Despotism, Podestas &
mercenary armies keep
peace & economies
functioning
Italian Politics and the rise of
Nation States (con’t)
B. Corrupt Popes & French Visitors
1. Continuing and shifting alliances between French,
HRE, Papal States, League of Venice, Milan and
others.
2. Julius II (soldier pope) follows Alexander (Borgia)
and unifies Papal
States
2. France invades twice
a. Francis I wins Concordat of Bologna in 1515 (French
control own church)
Machiavelli (1469-1527)
A. Believed Italian political unity is a goal worth any
means
B. Worked in Florence
C. Fan of Borgias, hoped a Medici would unite Italy
D. Wrote the Prince considered the first secular
book on political science
1. Admired the ability to act decisively and &heroically
2. Critical of inner feuding, only strongman can solve
3. “End justifies the means”
Holy Roman Empire
A. Over 300 principalities
B. 7 (later 9) largest vote for the emperor
C. Hapsburg is largest ruling family (becomes almost the
hereditary ruler of the HRE
D. Maximillian I Philip I (marries the daughter of
Ferdinand) Charles V rules both Spanish and
Austrian sides of the empire
E. Hapsburg Valois Wars 1521-1559
F. Henry VIII (Eng.) backs Hapsburgs
G. France forced to give up claims to Italy
H. Charles V abdicates
1. Spanish side to son, Austria and HRE to bro Ferdinand
Formation of Nation States
A. New alliance between king and town
B. Power to tax (lower classes), enforce laws and
make wars lies w/ central power, new civil
servants whose vision is national
C. Standing Armies kept, expensive to monarch,
poor bear brunt of taxation w/ no representation in
assemblies, monarchs borrow extensively from
rich
D. Monarchs don’t call assemblies (source of noble
power)
France
A. after Joan of Arc, England and Burgundy out
of picture
B. Charles VI sets stage for Louis XI
1. Economy, diplomatic corps, etc.
C. successors launch bad Foreign policy
(Invasions of Italy)
D. France heads back
downhill
Spain
A. Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabelle of Castille get
hitched
B. Secure borders & venture abroad militarily
C. 1492 Reconquista
1. Convert all of Spain
a. conquer Moors at Granada
b. expel Jews
2. Institute Inquisition
Northern Renaissance
A. combine Gothic tradition with Renaissance
style & Reformation thought
B. some exposure to the unknown and mystecism
C. Pagan influence of nature
D. fans of writing in
the vernacular
Printing Press
A. increase in lay literacy
B. cheaper process for paper
C. Northern Humanists write for lay people
D. Printers guild becomes powerful
E. much easier to get ideas to the masses
F. key role in Reformation and Counter
Reformation