Transcript Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration

Photosynthesis
and
Cellular Respiration
Ch. 4
Biology HP
Biology Standards
1f. Students know usable energy is captured from
sunlight by chloroplasts, and stored via the
synthesis of sugar from carbon dioxide.
1g. Students know the role of the mitochondria in
making stored chemical bond energy available to
cells by completing the breakdown of glucose to
carbon dioxide.
i.* how chemiosmotic gradients in the mitochondria
and chloroplast store energy for ATP production.
Photosynthesis & Respiration
• Respiration
• Photosynthesis
-Occurs in _________.
-Occurs in _________.
-Produces _______ using -Produces ______ using
_______ energy in
______ energy
glucose
-Plants only (________)
light + 6 ____ + 6 ____  -Plants & Animals (________
&_________)
_____ + 6 ______
______ + 6 _____ 
6_____ + 6 ______
Photosynthesis
• process by which plants convert solar energy to
_________ compounds (___________)
• Plants = “___________” (make their own food)
• Chemical Equation
light + 6 CO2 + 6 H2O  _____ (glucose) + 6 O2
Chloroplast
• Site of _______________
• Contains _________ that absorbs energy
from sunlight
• Structure of a chloroplast:
1) Double membrane
2) __________: contain _________; where
_______ _______ takes place
3) _________: stacks of thylakoids
4) _________: space between
grana
Chloroplast Structure
Plant Pigments
• Function: absorb sunlight in chloroplast
• main pigment = _____________
accessory pigment = ________, ________,
__________
• _________ light at different wavelengths
and ________ what is not absorbed.
Colors and Wavelengths
• Plants are green b/c _____ wavelength is
NOT absorbed but reflected.
• _____ and ______ wavelengths are highly
absorbed.
Photosynthesis - 2 steps
1. ____________
2. ___________
(____________)
• requires sunlight;
• occurs in __________
(_______________)
• does not require
sunlight
• occurs in _______
Photosynthesis - 2 steps
Continued…
1. ________
2. _________
(_______ Cycle)
• FUNCTION:
1) To make __________
________________ (ATP
& NADPH) using solar
energy (photons).
2) Splits _______ to
make _________as a byproduct. (____________)
ATP & NADPH (a temporary
energy storage molecule)
are used in Dark rxn later.
• FUNCTION:
To make ________from
_______using energy (ATP
& NADPH) from light rxn.
• It takes 6 turns of Calvin
cycle to fix CO2 (1 carbon)
Into C6H12O6 (6 carbons) or
glucose.
___________ captures and
transfers energy.
– _________ absorbs
energy from sunlight.
– energized electrons
enter _____________
_______________.
– _____ molecules are
split and _____ is
released as waste.
– ______________ are
transported across
thylakoid membrane.
___________ captures energy and produces
energy-carrying molecules.
– _________ absorbs
energy from sunlight.
– energized electrons are
used to make ________.
– NADPH is transferred to
light-independent
reactions.
The light-dependent reactions
produce _____ using electron
transport chain.
– hydrogen ions flow through a channel in the
thylakoid membrane.
– ____________ attached to the channel
makes ATP.
Cellular Respiration
• Process by which plant and animal cells
make ________ (energy)
-Occurs in _____________.
• Chemical equation
__________ (glucose) + 6 O2
________ + ________ + ATP
Mitochondria Structure
• _______= folded
lining; where ATP is
made
• _______ = the inner
part of mitochondria
where Kreb Cycle
occurs.
• ____ ________ =
electron transport
occurs here.
• Outer membrane
ATP
• ATP is made up of ______, ________, ___________;
energy-carrying molecules.
(_____ = Adenosine Triphsophates)
(_____ = Adenosine Diphosphates)
(_____ = Adenosine Monophosphate)
• Energy is stored in _______ between phosphates
How does ATP store energy?
ATP  _____ + ____
Energy ________.
ATP  ADP + P
Energy ________.
CELLULAR
RESPIRATION
(NO ____ Needed)
OXYGEN PRESENT
OXYGEN ABSENT
Step 1: _____________
• Function: breakdown of __________
• does NOT require _________
• Where does it occur? _______________________
• How many ATPs are made? __________
• Glucose (6C)  2 ________ _______ (3C)
2 ATP
• if O2 is present: enter ______________. (aerobic)
• if O2 is absent: enter ______________ (anaerobic)
Step 2: _______________
(Citric Acid Cycle)
• Function:
1. Produces temporary energy storage molecules
such as _________ and ___________
2. _________ is given off as a by-product
* Where does it occur? in the
____________________________________
* How many ATPs are made? _________
2 Pyruvic Acids enter; Krebs Cycle must turn twice
for every glucose
Step 3: _____________________
• Function:
Makes __________ using NADH & FADH2 from Krebs
Cycle.
Where does it occur? in the __________________
__________________________________________
*How many ATPs are made? ______________
• _________ is the last electron acceptor in the chain.
___ATP from Glycolysis + ____ ATP from Krebs Cycle
+ ____ ATP from ETC =
ATP Total
Chemiosmosis
(Electron Transport Chain)
• ____________________– an enzyme that
makes ATP’s by adding a phosphate to an
ADP.
Chemiosmosis
(Electron Transport Chain)
1. ______ and _______ provide4. As ____________flow back in,
high-energy electrons.
__________ (an enzyme) makes
2. high-energy electrons enter ATP’s by adding a phosphate to
an ADP.
electron transport chain.
5. ______ picks up electrons and
3.energy is used to pump
_____________across the innerhydrogen ions and turns into
____membrane.
.
Fermentation
•
•
occurs when _____ is _________
no net ATP produced; CO2 is given off
1) _________ Fermentation: occurs in
_____cells Pyruvic Acid  _______ + CO2
2) ________ __Fermentation:
• occurs in __________ cells when
O2 is in short supply
Ex: Your muscles fatigue after exercise due to
build up of __________.
Pyruvic Acid  _________ ___________