Transcript 2014 Cellular Respiration ppt

Cellular Respiration
Key Terms
•
•
•
•
Aerobic
Anaerobic
Glycolysis
NADH
• Krebs Cycle
• FADH2
• Fermentation
Cellular Respiration
• Process allows cells to harvest
the energy in organic
compounds (glucose).
• The breakdown of glucose
during cellular respiration can
be summarized by:
C6H12O6 + 6O2
Enzymes
6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy ATP
2 Types of Cellular
Respiration
• Aerobic
• Metabolic processes that require
oxygen and is more efficient at
producing ATP.(38 ATP)
• Anaerobic
• Metabolic processes that do not
require oxygen and does not
produce as many ATP as the
aerobic stage.(2 ATP)
Question:
• In what kinds
organisms does
cellular respiration
take place?
Plants and Animals
•
•
•
•
Plants - Autotrophs: self-producers.
Animals - Heterotrophs: consumers.
Bacteria, protists
All organisms
Stages of Cellular
Respiration
1. GLYCOLYSIS (fist step in both
types of respiration) -- Enzymeassisted anaerobic process
that breaks down one sixcarbon molecule of glucose to
two three-carbon pyruvate
ions, producing a net result of
2 ATP and a NADH, electron
carrier, molecule. This step
occurs in the cytoplasm.
Glycolysis cont…
• Uses 2 ATP molecules but
produces 4 ATP molecules, so
net gain of ATP is 2.
Aerobic Respiration
2a. When oxygen is present,
pyruvate & NADH are used to
make 36 more ATP. Takes
place in the Mitochondria. The
pyruvate goes thru the Kreb’s
Cycle and the Electron
Transport Chain to produce the
ATP and give off water and
carbon dioxide as a waste.
Krebs Cycle
• Acetyl-CoA enters a series of
enzyme-assisted reactions
called the Krebs Cycle.
Electron Transport
Chain
• In aerobic respiration, electrons
donated by NADH and FADH2
pass through an electron
transport chain.
Electron Transport
Chain
What happens when
there is not enough
oxygen for aerobic
respiration to occur?
The electron transport
chain does not function!
Anaerobic Respiration
2b. When oxygen is not present,
anaerobic respiration, the
pyruvate is converted by
fermentation to either lactic
acid (in animals) or ethanol (in
yeast and some bacteria) &
carbon dioxide and no more ATP
are produced.
Fermentation
• When oxygen is not present,
NAD+ is recycled in another
way.
• The recycling of NAD+ using an
organic hydrogen acceptor is
fermentation.
Fermentation cont…
• Occurs in cytosol when “NO Oxygen” is
present (called anaerobic).
• Remember: glycolysis is part of
fermentation.
• Two Types:
1. Alcohol Fermentation
2. Lactic Acid Fermentation
1. 2 Types of Fermentation
Alcoholic Fermentation
• The threecarbon
pyruvate is
broken down
to ethanol, a
two-carbon
compound,
through
alcoholic
fermentation.
Alcohol Fermentation
• Plants and Fungi 
C
C
C
C
C
C
glucose
2ADP
+2 P
2ATP
2NADH
C
C
C
Glycolysis
2 NAD+
beer and wine
2NADH
2 Pyruvic
acid
2 NAD+
C
C
2 Ethanol
2CO2
released
Alcohol Fermentation
• End Products: Alcohol fermentation
2 - ATP (substrate-level
phosphorylation)
2 - CO2
2 - Ethanol’s
Types of Fermentation:
2.Lactic Acid Fermentation
• A three-carbon
pyruvate is
converted to a
three-carbon
lactate through
lactic acid
fermentation in
muscle cells.
Lactic Acid Fermentation
• Animals (pain in muscle after a
workout).
C
C
C
C
C
C
Glucose
2ADP
+2 P
2ATP
2NADH
C
C
C
Glycolysis
2 NAD+
2NADH
2 Pyruvic
acid
2 NAD+
C
C
C
2 Lactic
acid
Lactic Acid Fermentation
• End Products: Lactic acid
fermentation
2 - ATP from glycolysis
2 - Lactic Acids
Production of ATP
• The total amount of ATP that a
cell is able to harvest from each
glucose molecule that enters
glycolysis depends on the
presence or absences of
oxygen.
Production of ATP
Production of ATP
Question:
• In addition to glucose, what
other various food
molecules are use in
Cellular Respiration?
Catabolism of Various
Food Molecules
• Other organic molecules used
for fuel.
1. Carbohydrates:
polysaccharides
2. Fats: glycerol’s and fatty
acids
3. Proteins: amino acids