Transcript Mutations Notes

V. Mutations
Mutations
Unfortunately, nature isn’t always perfect. What
happens when things go wrong?
A. What is a mutation?
1.
a)
(point) mutationa change in a single gene
b)
mutationa change in the number or
structure of the chromosome
B. ______ (point) Mutations
1. To illustrate gene mutations, we’re going
to use this sentence as an example:
THEDOGBITTHECAT
___ ___ ___ ___ ___
2.______ ___________: a change in
one or a few ____________ on a
DNA strand
3. 3 specific types we will discuss include:
a)
b)
c)
a) (____________ & ____________)
4. Silent Mutations
a) mutations that ______ the DNA sequence,
but ______ ______ the ______ ____
sequence produced in protein synthesis.
– This has NO effect on an organism. Why?
THE DOG BIT THE CAT
THE DOG BIT THE ______
5. Substitution Mutation
a) Substitution mutations ______
change the A.A. sequence.
THE DOG BIT THE CAT
THE DOG BIT THE ______
6. Frameshift Mutations
a) Two types of frameshift mutations:
– __________
– __________
b) Frameshift mutations cause _________
changes to the amino acid sequence – since
the sequence is still read in groups of three.
6. Frameshift Mutations
we’re going to insert another “D”
THE DOG BIT THE CAT
THE ___ ___ ___ ___
we’re going to delete this “D”
THE DOG BIT THE CAT
THE ___ ___ ___ ___
C. Chromosomal Mutations
1._________ : occurs when a
chromosome breaks and a piece
of a chromosome is lost.
Chromosomal Mutations
2. _________– occurs when part of a
chromosome breaks off and is incorporated
_______ _______________
_________________.
Chromosomal Mutations
3. ____________ – occurs when parts
of two different chromosomes _______
______________.
Chromosomal Mutations
4. ____________ – occurs when part of a
chromosome breaks off, turns around, and
reattaches in the _____________
____________.
D. How to become
a mutant…
1. Can I become a mutant?
a) Yes, but not like the
comics.
b) Some mutations are
inherited but others
occur later in life as a
result of mutagens.
c) Mutagens are things that
can cause a change in
DNA sequences.
•
•
•
Radiation
Chemicals (think teenage
mutant ninja turtles)
High temperatures
Monster DNA
• Using the knowledge that you have gained this
unit, follow the directions on the WS to create
your monsters!
Homework
• Monster DNA