Transcript Energy Systems

Energy Systems
Here we go again
Three Key Energy Nutrients
1.
2.
3.
– _______________ is the usual form in which carbs are
digested in humans
– It is stored within the skeletal muscle and liver as
_____________
– Glucose can be broken down by the body to produce
an _______________________
We use these through bioenergetic conversion to
carry out physical activity
ATP
• The end result of the breakdown of
nutrients is the production of various
amounts of adenosine triphosphate
(ATP).
ATP- the science
• ATP is the _______________ energy source for
muscular contraction.
• An ATP molecule consists of an adenosine molecule
bonded to ____ phosphate (P)
groups.
• ATP molecules are supplied
by chemical reactions that take
place in the _________________
found in muscle cells.
ATP
Adenosine
P
P
= ADP + Energy + P HEAT
P
Chemical
reaction
Adenosine
P
P
P
ENERGY
• To release the energy, a phosphate molecule
breaks away from the phosphate group through
hydrolysis to form adenosine diphosphate (ADP)
• ADP requires ___________ to become ATP
again!
A P P
Note:
A P P P
Revisiting the Sliding Filament theory for
Application of ATP Consumption
• Breaking ATP into ADP releases energy and
allows _________________________formation
to occur between the myosin and actin filaments
inside the muscle.
Two Energy Systems
1. Aerobic
–
An energy system which is used in prolonged
continuous activity in the presence of oxygen
and does not produce lactic acid.
2. Anaerobic
–
Energy systems that do not rely on the
immediate use of oxygen. There are two types
of anaerobic energy systems.
3 Metabolic Pathways
Anaerobic Alactic (ATP-CP) or (ATP-PC)
• A short term energy of both fast and slow
twitch muscle fibres that does not require
oxygen and does not produce lactic acid.
Anaerobic Lactic (glycolysis)
• A fast twitch muscle energy system which
does not require the immediate use of
oxygen but does produce lactic acid.
Next Class:
Aerobic (cellular respiration)
Anaerobic Alactic - ATP-CP System
An immediate - _______________phosphate system
HEAT
Adenosine
P
P
P
ENERGY
Involves activities such as
Involves _____ power
output activities that
require an immediate
high rate of energy
production for a short
period of time.
• As muscle contraction begins, the body’s metabolism may not
be able to supply ATP to the contracting muscle cells as rapidly
as required…
• The body must then make use of _______________________.
– (the chemical reaction that must occur for contraction)
ADP
Adenosine
P
P
+
ATP
P
P / C
Creatine
(on its own)
ENERGY
Creatine phosphate serves as _____________________________
for muscles as it is broken down into creatine and phosphate.
CP-
ATP- Potential Energy
The free phosphate
ions bonds with
ADP to produce
ATP and leave
behind creatine.
The new ATP
molecule is stored
as
_______________
______________.
Anaerobic Alactic Characteristics
• Oxygen is
• Lactic acid is
• Only a ___________ amount of ATP and CP is stored in
muscle fibres;
• Uses very large amounts of energy in a short period of
time;
• The rate of recovery is relatively rapid. After a brief rest,
the system is recharged and ready for the next sprint;
• The system can only provide energy for muscles for the
first ___________ seconds of high intense activity;
• Uses both fast and slow twitch muscles;
• Work output is relatively high.
• Formula:
Anaerobic Lactic - Glycolysis
If an athlete must continue vigorous work a ___________
energy system uses a complex biochemical process which
__________________________________________________.
Carbs
Glucose/glycogen ENERGY
Lactic Acid
ADP + P
ATP
Glycolysis
• Glycolysis breaks _____________ down into
energy (ATP)
• Glucose is plentiful throughout the body
• Glycolysis is the ____________ sequence of
reaction in the full metabolsim of glucose
• Therefore glycolysis alone will allow the body
to be active for medium term activities
Glycolysis- produces 2 ATP
1 Glycogen
molecule
Glycolysis
P
P
P
P
P
P
A
A
Pyruvate/
Lactic Acid
Energy is produced with a buildup of________________
Characteristics of the Lactic Acid System
•
•
•
The energy source is entirely __________________;
Oxygen is
Energy is provided for
•
•
•
Uses predominately fast twitch muscle fibres
Work output is moderate
Used in sports such as football, basketball and
hockey.
Formula:
•
The Effects of Lactic Acid
During intense exercise, lactic acid builds up
in the blood __________________________.
• As lactic acid builds up an athlete will reach their
anaerobic threshold (AT).
– This is the point where a person begins to feel
discomfort and a ________________in their
muscles
– the muscle loses it ability to contract resulting in
_____________________.
• As work increases, the body reaches the:
• At this point the anaerobic system can no longer keep
pace with the increasing requirements of the muscles.
• You either___________________________________
The anaerobic threshold
is the highest intensity of
workload at which lactate
clearance still keeps pace
with lactate production.
Exercise Intensity
Low
Moderate
Once this level is reached
the intensity level must
decrease to reduce the
amount of lactic acid buildup
High
The
Effects
of
Lactic
Acid
The Effects of Lactic Acid
• Lactic acid causes _____ changes in the muscle
fibres and they can no longer respond to
stimulation
(___________________________________).
• Lactic acid interferes with cross- bridge bonding
by limiting the strength of the fibre contraction
on the Actin.
• When lactic acid accumulates, extreme fatigue
sets in and __________________develops.
Oxygen debt is the reason you must breathe
Oxygen Debt
• Oxygen debt refers to post exercise oxygen consumption
where the body needs to _________________its debt
incurred after the exercise is over
• You will notice that even after you are done racing you will
continue to breath hard.
• At this point your body is still trying to repay the oxygen
debt that was created when you were working hard.
• After you stop ________________,
your body needs extra oxygen to
burn up the excess lactic acid and
return your energy reserves to
normal.
• Lactic acid cannot be removed until
Cori Cyle
• After exercise where lactic acid has built up you
need to convert it back to ____________________
• converting to ______ is important for future
conversion to glucose and glycogen for future
anaerobic use
• In the muscle_________becomes __________
which can be transported in __________
• lactate is transported by the blood to liver where
most of it is converted back to glucose, from
which glycogen is formed in a process called
__________________
• about one-sixth of the lactate is oxidized to
carbon dioxide
The Effect of Training on the Lactic Acid
System
At any level of work, the rate of lactic acid build-up
is decreased through training.
How do you know if your workouts are
pushing your Anaerobic Threshold?
• Elite athletes use the _____________which
requires a hand-held device that directly
measures blood lactate concentration. The
corresponding heart rate at the AT gives you a
convenient way of monitoring your workouts.