Transcript 3_renaissance period..

Music: An Appreciation, 11th edition | Roger Kamien
PART III: THE RENAISSANCE
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time line
Renaissance (1450 – 1600)
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Gutenberg Bible
Columbus reaches America
Leonardo da Vinci, Mona Lisa
Michelangelo, David
Raphael, School of Athens
Martin Luther’s 95 theses
Shakespeare, Romeo and Juliet
1456
1492
c. 1503
1504
1505
1517
1596
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the Renaissance
Rebirth of human creativity
• Time of exploration & adventure
voyages of Christopher Columbus, Vasco da Gama, and Ferdinand Magellan
• Age of curiosity and individualism
Leonardo da Vinci
• Intellectual movement—Humanism
captivated by ancient Greek & Roman cultures
• Visual arts depicted realism with linear perspective and
illusion of space & depth
• Catholic Church was far less powerful
• Education was a status symbol for the aristocracy & upper
middle class
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music in the Renaissance
• Invention of printing widened the circulation of
music
• Musicians worked in churches, courts, and towns
• Church remained an important patron of music
― Growth in size of church choirs (all male)
• Musical activity shifted to the courts
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Town musicians played for civic processions, weddings
Musicians enjoyed higher status and pay
Composers sought credit for their work
Italy became leading music center
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characteristics of Renaissance music
Words and Music
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Vocal music was more important than instrumental
Word painting
Wide range of emotion without extreme contrasts
Texture
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Polyphonic
Imitation among the voices
Sounds fuller; expanded pitch range; consonant chords are favored with
use of triads
Rhythm and Melody
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Rhythm was a gentle flow rather than sharply defined beat
Melodic line has greater rhythmic independence
Melody usually moves along a scale with few large leaps
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sacred music in the Renaissance
Motet – Josquin Desprez
• Short polyphonic choral work
• Latin text usually overlaid with vernacular text
Mass – Giocanni Pierluigi da Palestrina
• Polyphonic choral composition of the Catholic
church
• Made up of 5 sections:
Kyrie
Gloria
Credo
Sanctus
Agnus Dei
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Note:
• Four voice motet
• Polyphonic imitation
• Overlapping voice parts
LISTENING
Ave Maria…virgo serena
Josquin Desprez
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Note:
• Rich polyphonic texture (6 voices)
• Vocal imitation
• Spirit of Gregorian chant
• Palestrina’s work because the model for
mass composers
LISTENING
Kyrie from Pope Marcellus Mass
Palestrina (1525 – 1594)
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secular music in the Renaissance
VOCAL MUSIC
• Music was an important leisure activity
• Particular arrangement of note lengths
Madrigal
• For several solo voices set to a short poem, usually about love
• Combined homophonic and polyphonic textures
• Word painting and unusual harmonies
Renaissance Lute Song
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Song for solo voice and lute (plucked string instrument)
Popular instrument in the Renaissance home
Homophonic texture
Lute accompanies the vocal melody
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Note:
• Madrigal
• Pitches rise on “ascending”
• Pitches fall on “descending,” “running
down,” “two by two,” “three by three,”
“all alone”
LISTENING
As Vesta was Descending (1601)
Thomas Weelkes
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Note:
• Very popular lute song
• Recorded by Sting (rock star)
• Expression of melancholy—descending
four-note pattern
• Three brief musical sections: A B C
LISTENING
Flow My Tears (about 1600)
John Dowland (1563 – 1626)
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INSTRUMENTAL MUSIC
• Still subordinate to vocal music
• Instrumentalists accompanied voices
harpsichord, organ, or lute
• More music written specifically for instruments
• Instrumental music intended for dancing
– Pavane or passamezzo in duple meter
– Galliard in triple meter
• Distinguished between loud and soft instruments
– Outdoor (loud): trumpet, shawm
– Indoor (soft): lute, recorder
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the Venetian School:
from Renaissance to baroque
• Focal point for music in Venice: St. Mark’s
Cathedral
• Giovanni Gabrieli and the Polychoral Motet
LISTENING
Plaudite (Clap Your
Hands)
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music guide to this selection in
CONNECT MUSIC
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