Transcript Organic Molecules

Organic Molecules
“macromolecules, organic
compounds”
Organic Molecule Foldable
Elements found in
carbohydrates
Building blocks of
carbohydrates
Uses for carbohydrates
within organisms
Names of example
carbohydrates
Elements found in Carbohydrates
• Carbohydrates: CHO
• Carbon - C
• Hydrogen - H
• Oxygen - O
Building Blocks of Carbohydrates
• Monosaccharide
• Disaccharide
• Polysaccharide
Uses for Carbohydrates
• Provide energy to living organisms
Names of example carbohydrates
• Monosaccharide
a. glucose, fructose, galactose
• Disaccharide
a. sucrose
• Polysaccharide
a. starch, cellulose, chitin, glycogen
Organic Molecule Foldable
Elements found in lipids
Building blocks and
structure of lipids
Uses for lipids within
organisms
Names of example
lipids
Elements found in Lipids
• Lipids - CHO
• Carbon - C
• Hydrogen - H
• Oxygen - O
Building Blocks and Structure of
Lipids
• Fatty acids
Fatty acid
Fatty acid
• a. saturated
• b. unsaturated
Fatty acid
Lipid Structure
Triglycerides – 3 fatty acids + 1 glycerol
a. saturated
b. unsaturated
Phospholipids – 2 fatty acids + 1 glycerol
Wax – long fatty acid chain + long alcohol
chain
Steroids
• Made of 4 fused carbon rings instead of
fatty acids
a. have various attached functional groups
Uses for Lipids within organisms
• DO NOT DISSOLVE IN H2O (hydrophobic
and insoluble)
• Protection, insulation, energy storage
Names of example Lipids
• Steroids
a. cholesterol
b. testosterone
• Phospholipids
a. lecithin (phosphatidylcholine)
• Triglycerides
a. trilauroylglycerol
Organic Molecule Foldable
Elements found in
proteins
Building blocks of
proteins
Uses for proteins within
organisms
Names of example
proteins
Elements found in Proteins
• Proteins - CHON
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Carbon - C
Hydrogen - H
Oxygen - O
Nitrogen - N
Building Blocks of Proteins
• Amino acids
Amino acid
Amino acid
Amino acid
• 20 different amino acids
alanine
glutamine
leucine
serine
arginine
glutamic acid
lysine
threonine
asparagine
glycine
methionine
tryptophan
aspartic acid
histidine
phenylalanine
tyrosine
cysteine
isoleucine
proline
valine
Basic Structure of an Amino
Acid
Carboxylic Acid (COOH)
Amine Group
(NH2)
Side Group
Uses for Proteins in Organisms
• provide SHAPE and SUPPORT
• Muscle, movement
Names of example Proteins
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Hormones
Enzymes
Antibodies
Hemoglobin
Carrier proteins
Insulin
Organic Molecule Foldable
Elements found in
nucleic acids
Building blocks of
nucleic acids
Uses for nucleic acids
within organisms
Names of example
nucleic acids
Elements found in Nucleic Acids
• Nucleic Acids - CHON
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Carbon - C
Hydrogen - H
Oxygen - O
Nitrogen - N
Building Blocks of Nucleic Acids
• nucleotides
Nucleotides for DNA & RNA
How Nucleotides Bond
Covalent Bonds
Uses for Nucleic Acids in
Organisms
• Stores important information in the cell
• Creates important structures (proteins)
within the cell
Names of Example Nucleic Acids
• DNA
• RNA
Organic Molecules Summary
CARBOHYDRATES
Contain: CHO
Building Blocks:
monosaccharides
disaccharides
Polysaccharides
Used: to provide
energy to living
organisms
Examples:
Mono- glucose,
fructose, galactose
Di- sucrose
Poly- glycogen,
chitin, starch,
cellulose
LIPIDS
Contain: CHO
Building Blocks:
fatty acids arranged
as triglycerides,
phospholipids, wax;
includes steriods
Used: to provide
protection,
insulation and
energy storage
Examples:
trilauroylglycerol;
lecithin; cholesterol,
testosterone
PROTEINS
Contain: CHON
Building Blocks:
amino acids – there
are 20 different ones
Used: to provide
shape and support
Examples: hormones,
hemoglobin, insulin,
enzymes
NUCLEIC ACIDS
Contain: CHON
Building Blocks:
nucleotides – adenine,
guanine, cytosine,
thymine, uracil
Used: stores important
information in the cell,
codes for proteins
Examples: DNA, RNA