Transcript Enzymes: “Helper” Protein molecules

Enzymes:
“Helper” Protein molecules
Regents Biology
2009-2010
Flow of energy through life
 Life is built on chemical reactions
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Chemical reactions of life
 Processes of life

______________ molecules
 ______________

+
______________ molecules
 ______________
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Nothing works without enzymes!
 How important are enzymes?

__________________________________
__________________________________
 building molecules
 ___________________
 breaking down molecules
 ___________________
We can’t live
without enzymes!

enzyme
+
enzyme
+
__________________________________
 “catalysts”
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Examples
 __________________
+
enzyme
 __________________
+
enzyme
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Why Use Enzymes??
 Enzymes lower
the activation
energy of
reactions
 They make it
“cheaper”
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Enzymes are proteins
 ____________________________________
____________________________________
each enzyme needs to be the ___________
for the job
 enzymes are named for the reaction
they help

Oh, I get it!
They end
in -ase
 ___________ breaks down ___________
 ___________ breakdown ___________
 ___________ breakdown ___________
 ___________ builds ___________
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Enzymes aren’t used up
 ____________________________________
used only temporarily
 re-used again for the same reaction with
other molecules
 very little enzyme needed to help in many
reactions

____________
____________
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____________
It’s shape that matters!
 _______________________

________________
allows enzyme &
substrate to fit

______________
______________
______________
______________
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Enzyme vocabulary
 _________________

helper protein molecule
 _________________

molecule that enzymes work on
 _________________________

what the enzyme helps produce from
the reaction
 _________________

part of enzyme
that substrate
molecule fits into
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What affects enzyme action
 _______________________________
correct order of amino acids
 _______________________________

 _______________________

_______________________________
 _______________________

_______________________________
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Order of amino acids
 _______________________________________
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Temperature
 Effect on rates of enzyme activity

_________________________
 greatest number of collisions between
enzyme & substrate
 human enzymes =
 ___________________________________
_________________________
 _________________________________
 _________________________
 molecules move slower
 decrease collisions

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Temperature
reaction rate
What’s
happening
here?!
temperature
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pH
 Effect on rates of enzyme activity
____________________________________
 ____________________________________
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 depends on where in body
 pepsin (stomach) = pH 3
 trypsin (small intestines) = pH 8
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pH
intestines
trypsin
What’s
happening
here?!
reaction rate
stomach
pepsin
0
1
2
3
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pH
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For enzymes…
What matters?
__________!
Regents Biology
2009-2010