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vitamin
Chief metabolic function
Effects of deficiency
Vitamin -A
(retinol)
1913
Essential for normal
growth and
development; for
normal function of
epithelial cells and
normal development of
teeth and bones.
Prevents night
blindness.
Retarded growth.
Reduced resistance to
infection . Abnormal
function of
gastrointestinal,
genitourinary, and
respiratory tracts due
to altered epithelial
membranes . Interferes
with production of
“night purple”.
Vitamin D
(Cholecalciferol)
1925
Regulates absorption
of calcium &
phosphorus from the
intestinal tract. Affords
antiachitic activity.
Interfers with utilisation
of calcium and
phosphorus in bone
and teeth
formation.Development
of bone disease,
rickets , caries.
vitamin
Chief metabolic function
Effects of deficiency
Vitamin- D
(Cholecalciferol)
1925
Regulates absorption
of calcium and
phosphorus form the
intestinal tract. Affords
antiachitic activity.
Interferes with
utilizations of calcium
and phosphorus in
bone and teeth
formation.
Development of bone
disease, rickets, Aries.
Vitamin-E
(Tocopherols)
1935
Protects tissues, cell
membranes, and
Vitamin A against
peroxidation helps
strengthen red blood
cells
Decreased red blood
cell resistance to
rupture.
Vitamin-
Chief metabolic function
Effects of deficiency
Vitamin-K
(Phytomenadione)
1935
Essential for formation of
normal amounts of
prothrombin and blood
coagulation.
Diminished blood clotting
time. increased
incidence of
hemorrhages.
Water-Soluble Vitamins
Vitamin-B1
(Thiamin)
1936
An important aid in
carbohydrate
metabolism. Needed for
proper functioning of the
digestive tract and
nervous system.
Loss if appetite. Impaired
digestion of starches and
sugars. Various nervous
disorders, coordination.
Vitamin-
Chief metabolic function
Effects of deficiency
Vitamin-B2
(Riboflavin)
1935
Needed in formation
of certain enzymes
and in cellular
oxidation. prevents
inflammation of oral
mucous membranes
and the tongue.
Impaired growth,
lassitude and
weakness. Causes
challises or
glossittis.May result
in photophobias and
cataracts.
Vitamin-B6
(Pyridoxine)
1934
Acts, as do other B
vitamins, to break
down protein,
carbohydrate, and
fat. Acts as a
catalyst in the
formation of niacin
form tryptophan.
Increased
irritability,
convulsions, and
peripheral neuritis.
Anorexia, nausea
and vomiting.
Vitamin-
Chief metabolic function
Effects of deficiency
Vitamin-B12
(Cyanocobalamin)
1948
Essential for
development of red
blood cells. Required
for maintenance of
skin, nerve tissues,
bone and muscles.
Results in pernicious
anemia. Weakness, fati
gue, sore and cracked
lips
Vitamin-C
(Ascorbic Acid)
1919
Needed to form the
cementing substance,
collagen, in various
tissues (skin, dentine,
cartilage, ad bone
matrix). Assists in
wound healing; bone
fractures.
Lowered resistance to
infections,
susceptibility to dental
cavities, pyorrhea, and
bleeding gums.
Delayed wound
healing. Specific
treatment for scurvy