Transcript Greener Surfactant Review

GREEN SURFACTANTS
properties and performance of model green surfactant
systems
Jun Wu
Columbia University, USA.
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Goals
Define framework, criteria, metrics to measure
greenness of surfactants
Develop fundamental knowledgebase for structure
behavior relationships of green surfactants
Design synergistic mixtures of green surfactants and
conventional ones for higher efficiency at lower
dosage
Design efficient greener surfactants and processing
schemes for specific applications.
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COLLABORATIVE CYCLE
Consumer product
companies
Recommendation
Feedback
Chemical
suppliers
Universities
Columbia
Supply
NYU
IIT M
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COLLABORATIVE CYCLE
Screening
Greener surfactants
LCA Information
Feedback
Benchmark
Surfactant System
Performance
Evaluation
Less
Efficient
Standard Methods
Equal/Better
Performance
Fundamental study
Why?
How to improve?
Papers
Patents
Feedback
Universities
Feasibility & Cost
Evaluation
Recommendation
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Greener Surfactant Review
Category
subcategory
compounds
alkyl polyglycosides
(APG)
sorbitan esters
sorbitan ester
ethoxylate
glycolipids
carbohydrate
lipids
Sugar based
surfactatn
sucrose ester
fructose ester
sorbitol ester
sophorose lipids
characteristics and properties
renewable starting materials
stable at alkaline pH
renewable starting material
HLB 1-8 10-17
renewable starting materials
low toxicity and irritancy
mixture with glycerol covers HLB 2-16+ demonded by cosmetic
industry
applications
cleansing, viscosity enhance, rheologh modifier
emulsifier
emulsifier
remarkable stability toward pH and temperature changes
but not effective emulsifying agent
enhance oil degradation by microbes
trehalose lipid
H2O/n-hexadecane ST from 40 to 5mN/m
air/H2O ST to 25-30mN/m
H2O/n-hexadecane ST to 1mN/m
rhamnolipid
air/h2o ST to 25-30mN/m
H2O/n-hexadecane I.T. to 1mN/m
succinoyl trehalose lipid for detergency, dispersant and stabilizers
able to form lipsome for delivery
2-O-(2-decenoyl) rhamnolipid for emulsification
enhance oil degradation by microbes
ability to alter rheological properties of aqueous solutin at low
concentration
increase thickness, stabilize emulsion, dispersion and suspension
but low surface activity
polysaccharides pullulan
scleroglucan
increase viscosity
stable over pH 2-12, not affected by high salt concentration
slow drug release
EOR flooding
viscosifying agent
tolerate high T, high salinity and high pressure
H2O/air I.T. to 28mN/m at 0.005% concentration
lipopeptide
acyl amino acid
polysaccharide/pr
otein complexs
surfactin
improves the mechanical dewaterin of peat by great than 50% at very low C
N-acylamino acid
N-ε-cocoylornithine
liposan
stabilize oil in water emulsions
skin hair moistruizing and proteching properties
emulsifier for oil vegetable oil and water
mannoprotein
emulsifier. Emulsion stable at extreme pH, T and salt concentration
emulsan
phospholipids
lysophospholipds
H2O/n-hexadecane I.T. to 15mN/m
but bind tightly to hydrocarbon interface
good ability for emulsification and stabilization of emulsion
emulsifier and coemulsifier. Able to fluidize excessively heavy oil
strong synergy with monoglycerides and fatty acids for signifcant
surface activity
construction of lipsomes for delivery. Mildness and compatibility with skin
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Next Generation Greener Surfactants and Polymers
SYNTHESIZED FROM
RENEWABLE
STARTING
MATERIALS
BIOCATALYZED
SURFACTANTS
BIOMATERIALS
PRODUCED BY
FERMENTATION
BIOMATERIALS
PRODUCED BY
ALGAE
Alkyl Polyglycoside
Protease Catalyzed Alkyl
oligo-peptide
Acyl Glutamate
Lipids
.
.
.
.
(APG)
Short term
Sophorolipid Ester
Long term
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Benchmarks and Methods
For Home Care:
Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate
Sodium Laurylether Sulfate
Sodium Lauryl Sulfate
Linear Alkyl Benzene Sulfonate
APG
Property evaluation methods:
Static/Dynamic Surface Tension & CMC
Foam Appearance
Foam Stability
Viscosity and Thickening Capabilities
Toxicity
Cleaning
For Personal Care:
Sodium Laurylether Sulfate
Ammonium Lauryl Ether Sulfate
CAPB
APG
Fundamental study techniques
Fluorescence
FTIR
NMR
Raman
AUC
Zeta potential
Wetability
etc.
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Life Cycle Assessment
Major Environmental Impact
•Energy consumption
•Effect on global warming(emission of greenhouse gases)
•Effect on acidification (especially of rain)
•Effect on nutrient enrichment
•Effect on smog formation (emission of VOC)
•Water consumption
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COLLABORATIVE CYCLE
Screening
Greener surfactants
LCA Information
Feedback
Benchmark
Surfactant System
Performance
Evaluation
Less
Efficient
Standard Methods
Equal/Better
Performance
Fundamental study
Why?
How to improve?
Papers
Patents
Feedback
Universities
Feasibility & Cost
Evaluation
Recommendation
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Future Plan
• Evaluate the performance of greener surfactants and mixtures against
benchmarks
The performance of green surfactants should be superior or comparable to
the benchmarks selected for application purposes in each industrial sector
e.g.,
Personal Care
Household/Laundry
Mineral Processing
• Understand mechanisms, synergism and compatibility
Control, leverage, and optimize based on fundamental mechanisms
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Acknowledgements
Work was supported by NSF-Industry/University Cooperative
Research Center for Particulate & Surfactant Systems (CPaSS)
Special thanks to Cognis for great help on samples & methods
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