Transcript Energy Systems – ERA Laboratory

Energy Systems – ERA
Laboratory
Key information and terminology
Energy for muscle
contraction – 3 steps
1.
2.
3.
ATP BREAKDOWN
ATP RESYNTHESIS
BREAKDOWN OF FOOD / FUELS
ATP DEMAND

1.
2.
2 factors determine ATP demand
required by a sports event:
DURATION – total amount of
energy produced (CAPACITY)
INTENSITY- rate of energy
production (POWER)
POWER vs CAPACITY
When discussing energy systems we
often talk about the power of a
system, this is simply how fast it
resynthesises atp.
 When we discuss the capacity of an
energy system we are talking about
the amount of atp a system can
resynthesise.

How much ATP do we
need?
ERA will talk about the need for
breaking down and resythesising atp
for muscles to contract.
 An average 70kg male needs 190kg
of atp in 24 hours. We only have 50
grams stored in our muscles.
 After the 50 grams runs out we need
to resythesise atp via one of the 3
energy systems.

Energy for muscle
contraction
Energy for muscle contraction comes
from breaking the BOND between the
2nd and 3rd atp molecule.
 This results in the following:
ATP
ADP + Pi + energy
 Melissa demonstrated this when
breaking the grip on Molly Sweetings
hand.

THE 3 ENERGY SYSTEMS

1.
2.
There are 3 energy systems that
enable atp to resynthesise.
ATP PC System - does NOT require O2
Lactic Acid System -does NOT require
O2
3.
Aerobic System – does require O2
What are some other names used for
these energy systems?
INTERPLAY – they are all
working which one is dominant?
ATP PC ENERGY SYSTEM
INTERPLAY
LACTIC ACID ENERGY SYSTEM
AEROBIC ENERGY SYSTEM
ATP PC SYSTEM
This system first uses the stored 50
grams of atp in the muscle. This only
last 1-2 contractions.
 It then uses the fuel phosphocreatine
or PC that is found in the muscle. PC
only lasts 1-10 seconds then stores
are depleted.
 It is the quickest energy system to
respond to energy demand.

ATP PC SYSTEM continued
BLOOD
PC Not found
in blood
MUSCLE
POWER
CAPACITY
ATP =
The most
powerful
energy
system
The smallest
capacity
energy system
1-2 sec’s
PC =
1-10 sec’s
LACTIC ACID SYSTEM
BLOOD
MUSCLE
POWER
CAPACITY
CHO Glucose
in the
blood
Glucose
(smaller)
Glycogen
(larger –
chain of
glucose
molecules)
The next
most
powerful
energy
system
after
ATP PC
Increased
capacity
compared to
ATP PC
energy system,
nowhere near
the amount of
aerobic system
What is LACTIC ACID?
Lactate + hydrogen = LACTIC ACID
 It is what we call a METABOLIC
BYPRODUCT.
 Lactate can be used for a fuel source
however hydrogen ions build up and
fatigue the muscle.

HYDROGEN
ACCUMULATION

1.
2.
3.
4.
When lactic acid builds up –
hydrgoen ions effect the muscle in
the following ways:
muscle acidity
Ph
Inhibits enzymes – slows reactions
ATP resynthesis
Fatigue results – athletes slows
Lactic Acid – why do we
measure it?



Lactic Acid is produced when we use the
anaerobic glycolysis energy system to
produce ATP and occurs when the aerobic
system is not able to fully meet the ATP
demands of the exercise.
We measure lactate – which found in the
blood. This is not a true reflection of lactic
acid production as it is not reflecting muscle
lactic acid levels. What else is in blood that
actually breaks down lactic acid?
Lactate can help us work out an athletes
INTENSITY
What is LIP?
Lactate Inflection Point.
 Is the intensity at which an
accumulation of blood lactate occurs
and is used to assess an athletes
fitness. The more trained the athlete
the later LIP occurs…how does this
give an athlete an edge over the
competition?

LIP


Used to be called anaerobic threshold or
lactate threshold. It usually occurs at
4m/mol. Elite athletes maximal levels of
lactate are between 10-20m/mol.
It effects aerobic events
LIP – when it occurs

When an athlete exceeds LIP – the
following occurs:

time to exhaustion
anaerobic metabolism
lactic acid accumulation
hydrogen ion accumulation



REMEMBER – the aerobic system is
dominant when LIP occurs – explain.
Why did we monitor his
heart rate?


Heart rate indicates
INTENSITY.
This helps us
determine what
energy system he
is
PREDOMINANTLY
using to
resynthesise atp.
AEROBIC SYSTEM
BLOOD
CHO Glucose
in the
blood
Fats
FFA in
the blood
MUSCLE
Glucose
Glycogen
POWER
The least
powerful
energy
system of
all 3
Triglycerides systems
CAPACITY
The greatest
capacity
energy system
– much greater
than the 2
anaerobic
systems.
Things to remember…




FATS can only be broken down when using
oxygen (and lots of it), therefore it can
NEVER be used for fuel in the ATP PC or
LACTIC ACID SYSTEMS.
When describing the fuel – don’t just say
CARBOHYDRATE as you need to be more
specific – GLUCOSE or GLYCOGEN.
Holden = CHO
Barina = Glycogen or Glucose
Things to remember


Protein is used only
in the aerobic
system – but very
rarely.
Amino Acids are
found in the blood,
muscle and excess
is stored in adipose
tissue around the
body.
VO2 Max test results
Active
40-50ml/kg/min
Moderately trained 50-55ml/kg/min
Well trained
60-65ml/kg/min
Elite
>65ml/kg/min
ATHLETES – typical values
AFL
60-65 ml/kg/min
Triathlon(M)
65-80ml/kg/min
Triathlon (F)
60-70ml/kg/min
Questions…
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
List the 3 energy systems
List the anaerobic fuel sources
List the aerobic fuel sources
List where each type of fuel is located
List when each energy system is dominant
Identify the most powerful energy system
List the differences between energy
systems
Explain interplay of energy systems
Which is the dominant
Energy System?
Diving (springboard)
2. 200 metre sprint
3. One hour jog
4. Triathlon – 3 hour duration
5. Ultra marathon
6. 50 metre freestyle race
WHY? Use duration and intensity in
your explanation.
1.