Transcript Cellular Respiration - Mrs. Brenner`s Biology

Cellular Respiration
Turning Food into usable energy
• Photosynthesis is the
process that plants
use to make food, but
plants and animals
need a way to change
food into smaller
packets of usable
energy.
Digestion review
• The entire
purpose of
the digestive
system is to
break down
food into
ATP and
smaller
molecules
that can be
used by the
body.
What is the strangest thing that you
have ever eaten?
Measuring energy in foods
• How do we measure the energy that is
potentially available in the food that we
consume?
• To measure this energy foods are burned.
• This energy is measured in units called
calories.
Calories
• A calorie is the
amount of energy
needed to raise the
temperature of water
by ____ oC.
food component
energy
density
kcal/
g
kJ/
g
fat
9
37
ethanol (alcohol)
7
29
proteins
4
17
carbohydrates
4
17
organic acids
3
13
polyols (sugar-free
sweeteners)
2.4
What kinds of calories do foods have?
• MacDonald’s Big Mac?
485
• Vanilla Bean, Like It©
• Reese’s pieces
• Fudge
400
170
110
• In n Out Double Double 670
• Fries
115
• Calories in and of
themselves are not
bad. Calories simply
tell us how much
potential chemical
energy is in a food.
Mitochondria
Mitochondria
Basic equation for respiration
• C6H12O6 + O2
H2O + CO2 + ATP
• What is familiar about this equation?
Flowchart
Section 9-2
Cellular Respiration
Glucose
(C6H1206)
+
Oxygen
(02)
Glycolysis
Krebs
Cycle
Electron
Transport
Chain
Carbon
Dioxide
(CO2)
+
Water
(H2O)
Electrons carried in NADH
Mitochondrion
Pyruvic
acid
Glucose
Glycolysis
Krebs
Cycle
Electrons
carried in
NADH and
FADH2
Electron
Transport
Chain
Cytoplasm
Mitochondrion
ATP production can occur with
oxygen or without oxygen
Glucose
O2
Glycolysis
Krebs
cycle
Electron
transport
No O2
Fermentation
Alcohol or
lactic acid
Glycolysis
Glycolysis
Glucose
2 Pyruvic acid
To the electron
transport chain
To the electron
transport chain
Anaerobic respiration
Glucose
Pyruvic acid
Lactic acid
Lactic acid vs. Alcoholic
Fermentation
• Yeasts + other
organisms
• pyruvic acid +NADH
alcohol + CO2 + NAD
• Humans, animals,
others
• pyruvic acid +NADH
lactic acid + CO2 +
NAD
Electron Transport Chain
Electron Transport
Hydrogen Ion Movement
Channel
Mitochondrion
Intermembrane
Space
ATP synthase
Inner
Membrane
Matrix
ATP Production
Totals
Glycolysis
2 ATP
Kreb’s Cycle and
Electron Transport
Chain
34 ATP
36 ATP for per glucose
Other energy sources
• Proteins and lipids
can be broken down
and enter respiration
during the Kreb’s
cycle or glycolysis.
Efficiency
• About 38% of the potential chemical energy in
food is converted into usable ATP
• The rest of that potential energy is given off as
heat.
• A good analogy is the gasoline in a car engine.
The car uses the gasoline to power the pistons
but only some of the potential energy is used to
make the car move. Much of the energy is given
off as heat!
Anaerobic respiration
Glucose
Pyruvic acid
Lactic acid
Lactic acid vs. Alcoholic
Fermentation
• Yeasts + other
organisms
• pyruvic acid +NADH
alcohol + CO2 + NAD
• Humans, animals,
others
• pyruvic acid +NADH
lactic acid + CO2 +
NAD