Transcript Industrial use

Chemistry
Transition Metal
Iron
Group Member
5E
Chan Ming Hung 26
Lam Man Chung 29
Lau Yuk To
32
Wong Ka Chun 42
Background Information
Content
Properties
Extraction
Raw material for Painting
Industrial use
Biological use
Background Information
Name: Iron
Symbol: Fe (from Latin: Ferrum)
Atomic number: 26
Element category: transition metal
Relative atomic mass: 55.845
Electrons per shell: 2, 8, 14, 2
Background Information
Oxidation states: +2 to + 6 (+2 and +3 are the
most common)
Density (near r.t.): 7.874 g·cm−3
Melting point: 1811K, 1538°C, 2800°F
Boiling point: 3134K, 2862°C, 5182°F
Heat of fusion: 13.81 kJ·mol−1
Heat of vaporization: 340 kJ·mol−1
Properties
Silver-white or gray metal
Malleable and ductile
Non-toxic
Good conductor of heat, like most metals
Good conductor of electricity, like most metals
Dissolves readily in dilute acids
Reactive to oxygen and water to form oxide
Easily magnetized
Hard, brittle, fairly fusible
Extraction
Extracted from its ore, haematite
Fed into the top of the furnace along with
coke and limestone
Main reducing agent is carbon monoxide
hematite+carbon monoxide → Iron+carbon dioxide
Fe2O3 +
3CO
→ 2Fe+
3CO2
Inside of Blast Furnace
Industrial Use
Ferroalloy*
Pig iron**(approximately 1.7–4.5% carbon content):
Generally brittle
The cost relatively lower
No ductility and malleability but hard
Usually used in making lathe bed of machine tools and the
cylinder of steam engine and internal combustion engine.
Wrought iron(approximately below 0.1% carbon content):
High purity(high iron content)
Ductile、malleable、tough、easily welded
A raw material for manufacturing of steel
*Alloys of iron with a high proportion of one or more other element
and mostly Carbon
**the intermediate product of smelting iron ore with a high-carbon fuel
Industrial Use-Carbon Steel*
Extensively used in manufacturing different kinds of machine
components (e.g. gear wheel, screw nut, rail steel bar, etc.)
Low carbon steel(approximately 0.1–2.5% carbon content):
Property similar to Wrought iron
A raw material for manufacturing steel wire、rivet、galvanized
iron sheet and tinplate
Medium carbon steel(approximately 0.25–0.6% carbon content):
Ductility、malleability and hardness between low carbon steel
and high carbon steel
A raw material for construction
High-carbon steel(approximately 0.6–1.35% carbon content):
High weld ability
The higher proportion of the Carbon in Carbon steel is, the harder
and less ductile and malleable it is.
*Steel where the main interstitial alloying constituent is carbon
Raw material for Painting
Iron(III) oxide:
Venetian red or Brown pigment
Iron(II) sulphate
Indigo dye
Prussian blue(Fe4[Fe(CN)6]3):
Deep Blue pigment
Biological use
Bodies need
 Help oxygen get to our muscles
 Will not take up more than needs
 Needs very little
Most available to the body when added to amino acids
iron in this form is 10 to 15 times more digestible than it is as an
element
Iron is also found in meat (e.g. steak)
Iron provided by diet supplements is in the form of a chemical
(e.g. sulphate)
Cheap and Absorbed well
Recycled by a system which breaks down old cells in red blood cells
Biological use
Present in all cells in the human body and has several vital
functions (e.g. as a carrier of oxygen to the tissues from the lungs
in the form of hemoglobin)
Too little iron can interfere with vital functions and lead to morbidity
and death.
The direct consequence of iron deficiency is iron deficiency
anemia.
Total body iron averages approximately 3.8 g in men and 2.3 g in
women.
Several mechanisms control human iron metabolism and
safeguard against iron deficiency
(e.g. When loss of iron is not sufficiently compensated by adequate
intake of iron from the diet, a state of iron deficiency develops over
time. When this state is uncorrected, it leads to iron deficiency
anemia.)