Transcript The Renaissance

The Renaissance
Mr. Heaps
World History
The Renaissance
►
►
rebirth of ancient Greek & Roman
A ________
cultures; began in Northern ________.
Italy
Characteristics:
urban society arranged
 Italy was an ________
secular
into city-states with a _________
viewpoint rather than a religious
viewpoint.
 Was an age of ___________
recovery from 14th
century disasters such as the Plague,
political instability, a decline in literacy,
& a decline of church power.
 A new human view emerged: “Men can
do what they will.” This view placed a
high regard for human worth &
realization of what humans could
achieve. This new focus was called
humanism
_____________.
“The Renaissance Man”
►
►
A high regard was placed on
human worth, creating a
belief that a _____________,
well-rounded
universal person was capable
of achievements in many
areas of life.
Leonardo da Vinci was the
________________
ideal example of the
Renaissance man because he
talent
showed _________
in many
different fields. He was a
painter, sculptor, architect,
inventor, and mathematician;
a true example of a
Renaissance Man.
Video Clip
Johannes Gutenberg
During the Medieval
Period, printing was done
by hand in monasteries by
_________.
monks
► Gutenberg was the 1st
European to print using
moveable metal type.
________________
► Gutenberg’s _________
Bible
(1455) was the 1st
European book printed
from moveable type.
► The increase in printing
encouraged scholarly
research and increased the
public’s desire to gain
Literacy
knowledge. __________
boomed in Europe.
►
Video Clip
The Italian City-States
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►
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A __________
city-state is a small
nation controlled by a city.
Milan
Venice &
________,
________,
Florence were cities that
_________
played crucial roles in Italian
politics.
These Italian city-states were
at the crossroads of Europe,
Africa, & Asia. They became
very populated and wealthy
due to ________.
trade
families
Wealthy Italian _________
usually controlled each citystate.
Video Clip
Milan
richest
of the ________
Italian city-states due to
trade.
► After long being ruled by
the Visconti Family,
______________
Francesco
Sforza became
the Duke of Milan.
► Sforza was the leader of a
band of _____________.
mercenaries
tax
► Created an efficient ____
system that generated
enormous revenues for
the government.
► One
Francesco Sforza
Venice
►A
link between ______
Asia and
Western Europe.
traders from all
► Venice drew _______
over the world.
Republic
► Venice was a __________
with an elected leader called a
Doge.
► In reality, Venice was ruled by
a small group of wealthy
aristocrats
merchant-____________.
Florence
► The
__________
& cultural
artistic
center of Renaissance Italy.
► Controlled by the wealthy
Medici
_________
Family.
► Lorenzo de Medici & his
son, Cosimo, were
_________
patrons of the arts and
often sponsored great
artists such as
Michelangelo to adorn
_____________
their city with their
masterpieces.
► Many of the great
Renaissance artists had
_________
studios in Florence.
The Bonfire of the Vanities
A Dominican priest or monk named
Savonarola gained popularity in
___________
Florence, ousting the rule of the
Medici’s.
► Savonarola placed strict
secular
regulations on the ___________
society of Florence and attacked
the Church with accusations of
corruption.
► Savonarola is infamous for the
Bonfire of the ____________.
Vanities
heresy
► He was charged with _________
and later burned at stake.
► The Medici Family regained power.
Italian Wars
► Fact:
The growth of
monarchies
powerful ___________
around Italy in Europe led
to trouble for the Italian
City-States.
► Question: Why would
French king Charles VIII
lead an army of 30,000 into
Naples in Southern Italy?
► Answer:
The riches of Italy
___________________
$$$$
Italian Wars (cont.)
► Northern
Italian States turned to _______
Spain for
help.
► For 30 years, France & Spain battled for
dominance in Italy.
____________
► Thousands of Spanish troops along with
mercenaries from other countries marched into
____________
Rome.
► Having not been paid for months, they cried,
“Money! Money!”
_______________
► King Charles I of Spain replied, “If you have ever
pillaging
dreamed of ___________
a town and laying hold
of its treasures, here now is one, the richest of
them all, queen of the world.”
► Open to page 160 to see what happened.
Niccolo Machiavelli
The _______
Prince , is one
book, ____
of the most influential works on
political power in the Western
world. The book’s central thesis
acquire
was about how to ________
and keep political power.
► Machiavelli was among the 1st
morality as the
to abandon ________
basis for political activity.
“A prince acts on behalf of the
state
_______.
For the sake of the
state, he must be willing to let
conscience sleep.”
his ___________
► His
Niccolo Machiavelli
Machiavelli v. Middle Ages
Middle Age viewpoint
Machiavelli’s viewpoint
writers on political ► Political power should
not be restricted by
power stressed the
moral principles.
________
__________
ethical side of a
► A prince should not
Prince’s activity.
deviate from good if that
► “A ruler ought to
is possible, but should
behave based on
evil
know how to do ______
Christian
___________
if necessary.
principles.
► A prince must be willing
to let his conscience
________.
sleep
► Many
Review Questions
► What
attracted the French King to Italy?
 The riches of Italy.
► Why
did the army of Charles I of Spain sack
the city of Rome in 1527?
 His army had not been paid for months, so he
allowed them to smash the gates and loot the
city.
The Book of the Courtier
by Baldassare Castiglione
Although nobles made up
only 2 to 3% of the
population, they
dominated Renaissance
society.
► Nobles held important
political posts and served
as advisers to the king.
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The Book of the Courtier
was a code of behavior for
the ideal courtier or noble.
Characteristics of a Perfect
Renaissance Noble
A Noble was _____, not made. He should have
_________, ______, & _______.
2. The ideal noble had to develop 2 skills:
a) to perform ________ & physical exercises
because the chief aim of a noble was to be a
warrior.
b) To gain a classical ____________ and enrich
his life with the arts.
3. Nobles should follow a certain standard of
___________. (see text pages 161 & 162)
1.
Characteristics of a Perfect
Renaissance Noble
born not made. He should have
A Noble was _____,
character ______,
grace & _______.
talent
_________,
2. The ideal noble had to develop 2 skills:
military & physical exercises
a) to perform ________
because the chief aim of a noble was to be a
warrior.
education and enrich
b) To gain a classical ____________
his life with the arts.
3. Nobles should follow a certain standard of
conduct
___________.
1.
Francesco Petrarch (Scholar)
► Father
of Italian Renaissance
Humanism
____________.
► Looked for & discovered
forgotten Latin manuscripts in
_________
monastic _________
libraries
throughout Europe.
► Emphasized using pure
classical Latin (Latin of the
_________
Romans, not medieval Latin)
Vernacular Literature
► The
Humanist emphasis on classical Latin
scholars
led to its use in the writings of __________,
lawyers
theologians
_____________,
& ________________.
(those who were highly educated)
► However, some writers wrote in
Vernacular
_______________,
or language spoken in
their own regions. (such as Italian, French,
or German.)
Dante
► Wrote
in the Italian Vernacular.
► Dante’s masterpiece is the
Divine ___________:
Comedy
__________
 The story of the soul’s journey
to _____________,
through
salvation
Hell, Purgatory, & Heaven.
Purgatory in Roman
 _____________Catholic theology, the place
where those who have died in a
state of grace undergo limited
torment to atone for their sins
before entering heaven.
Geoffrey Chaucer
English
in the __________
vernacular.
► His famous work is the
Canterbury _________:
Tales
____________
► Wrote
 A collection of stories told
by 29 pilgrims as they
journey to the tomb of
Saint Thomas Becket @
Canterbury, Eng.
 Purpose: To portray an
entire range of English
_________
from the high
society
to the low born.
Christine de Pizan
French
in the ________
vernacular.
► Best known for her works written
women
in defense of ____________.
► Male writers of her time argued
that women are unable to
swayed
learn
_________
& easily __________.
► Her book, The Book of the City of
Ladies, argued that women could
learn as well as men if they could
attend the same schools
_____________________.
► Wrote
► Renaissance
artists
sought to imitate
nature in their
_________
works.
► They wanted those who
viewed their works to
realistic
see a ____________
view of the objects they
were portraying.
Human _________
Beings
► _________
were the focus of
attention of
Renaissance artists.
Notice how detailed or realistic the image in the
mirror is. Renaissance art was to the people who
lived to experience it, like the photograph was to
the first to see it. REALISTIC!!!
► The
frescoes painted by Masaccio in Florence, Italy
early in the 15th century are regarded as the first
masterpieces
____________ of early Renaissance art.
Fresco
► _________a painting done on wet plaster with
water-based paints.
► Whereas medieval paintings made humans appear
flat
perspective
_______,
Masaccio used the laws of _____________
to create the illusion of 3-Dimensions.
Video clip: Artistic Breakthrough - Perspective
Breakthroughs in Renaissance Art
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2.
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perspective
Understanding the laws of ___________
and the organization of outdoor space &
geometry
light through ___________.
The investigation of movement and human
anatomy
___________.
The realistic portrayal of the individual
human _______,
nude
person, especially the ________
became one of the chief aims of Italian
Renaissance Art.
Video Clip: Renaissance Art & Study of Anatomy
The High Renaissance
Raphael
Leonardo da Vinci
Michelangelo Bounarroti
Ideas Promoted by the Renaissance
humanism
► ______________
- emphasized a return to a
classical study of human capabilities.
individualism - highlighted the
► ______________
accomplishments of the individual. The ideal
talent in many different
person showed ________
fields.
secularism
► ______________
-changed the focus of life
from the struggle to get to heaven to the
advancement of one’s position on Earth.