Transcript Unit 1: Chemical Building Blocks Chapter 1: Introduction to Physical

Unit 2: Chemical Interactions
Chapter 8: Carbon Chemistry
Big Idea: Because of its ability to
combine in many ways with itself &
with other elements, carbon has a
central role in the chemistry of living
organisms
4 Sections
1.
2.
3.
4.
Properties of Carbon
Carbon Compounds
Polymers & Composites
Life with Carbon
Mrs. Lee - Ch 8
2
Sec 1: Properties of Carbon
KEY CONCEPTS
• Because of its ability to combine in many ways
with itself & other elements, carbon has a central
role in the chemistry of organisms
• The 4 forms of the element carbon are:
1) diamond
2) graphite
3) fullerenes
4) nanotubes
Mrs. Lee - Ch 8
3
Sec 1: Key Terms
•
•
•
•
Diamond
Graphite
Fullerene
Nanotube
Mrs. Lee - Ch 8
4
Sec 2: Carbon Compounds
KEY CONCEPTS
• Many organic compounds have similar
properties in terms of melting points,
boiling points, odor, electrical conductivity,
& solubility
• Hydrocarbons mix poorly with water.
Also, all hydrocarbons are flammable
Mrs. Lee - Ch 8
5
Sec 2: Carbon Compounds
(cont’d)
• The carbon chains in a hydrocarbon ring may be
straight, branched, or ring-shaped. In addition to
forming a single bond, two carbon atoms can
form a double bond or a triple bond
• If just one atom of another element is substituted
for a hydrogen atom in a hydrocarbon, a different
compound is created
Mrs. Lee - Ch 8
6
Sec 2: Carbon Compounds
(cont’d)
• Many esters have pleasant, fruity smells
• Organic compounds can be linked together
to build polymers with thousands or even
millions of atoms
Mrs. Lee - Ch 8
7
Sec 2: Key Terms
•
•
•
•
•
Organic compound
Hydrocarbon
Structural formula
Isomer
Saturated
hydrocarbon
• Unsaturated
hydrocarbon
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Substituted hydrocarbon
Hydroxyl group
Alcohol
Organic acid
Carboxyl group
Ester
Polymer
Monomer
Mrs. Lee - Ch 8
8
Sec 3: Polymers & Composites
KEY CONCEPTS
• Polymers form when chemical bonds link
large numbers of monomers in a repeating
pattern
• Many composite materials include one or
more polymers
• You can help reduce the amount of plastic
waste by recycling
Mrs. Lee - Ch 8
9
Sec 3: Key Terms
•
•
•
•
Protein
Amino acid
Plastic
Composite
Mrs. Lee - Ch 8
10
Sec 4: Life with Carbon
KEY CONCEPTS
• The 4 classes of organic compounds required by
living things are:
1) carbohydrates
2) proteins
3) lipids
4) nucleic acids
• The energy released by breaking down starch
allows the body to carry out its life functions
Mrs. Lee - Ch 8
11
Sec 4: Life with Carbon (cont’d)
• The body uses proteins from food to build &
repair body parts & to regulate cell activities
• Gram for gram, lipids release twice as much
energy in your body as do carbohydrates
• When living things reproduce, they pass DNA &
the information it carries to the next generation
• Organisms require water, vitamins, minerals, &
salts to help support the functioning of large
molecules
Mrs. Lee - Ch 8
12
Sec 4: Key Terms
• Carbohydrate
• Glucose
• Complex
carbohydrate
• Starch
• Cellulose
• Lipid
•
•
•
•
•
•
Fatty acid
Cholesterol
Nucleic acid
DNA
RNA
Nucleotide
Mrs. Lee - Ch 8
13