Transcript DNA Study Guide

DNA Study Guide
35 multiple choice
 1 DNA problem (replication,
transcription, & translation)

Experiments leading to the
structure of DNA…
a)
What happened when Griffith mixed heat-killed,
disease causing bacteria with live harmless
bacteria?
The mice died
b)
What did Avery’s experiments prove about the
transformation factor?
It was DNA
Experiments leading to the
structure of DNA…
c)
State Chargaff’s Rule
A pairs with T
C pairs with G
d)
What did Wilkins and Franklin learn with
their x-ray diffraction photographs?
DNA molecule is arranged as a
tightly coiled double helix
Experiments leading to the
structure of DNA…
e)
Which scientist (s) are given credit for
determining the structure of DNA?
- Francis
Crick and James
Watson
e)
What is so important about DNA?

It stores and transmits our
genetic information!
Nucleotide unique to DNA
 Thymine!!

Bases in DNA:
A (adenine)
T
THYMINE
DEOXYRIBOSE
(thymine)
C (cytosine)
G (guanine)
Nucleotide unique to RNA

Uracil!!

Bases in RNA:
 A (adenine)
U
(uracil)
 C (cytosine)
 G (guanine)
URACIL
RIBOSE
Nucleotides – building blocks of
DNA & RNA
1.
What is different about
these nucleotides?
2. What is the same
about them?

The nitrogen base




DNA – thymine
RNA - uracil
Sugar


DNA – deoxyribose
RNA - ribose
Both have a
phosphate group
 Both have the bases
A, C, G
3.
4.
What instructions do your genes carry?
 Instructions for making a protein
What are purines and pyrimidines?

5.
What is true about the percentage of purines and
pyrimidines in a DNA molecule?

6.
Nitrogen bases found in DNA & RNA
nucleotides
They are equal
In RNA, what base does adenine pair with?

URACIL
DNA Replication
7.
What is the purpose of DNA replication?
Copy DNA (for cell division later)
8. What is the complementary DNA strand?
ATTC G CATG G
TAA G C G TA C C
9.
Describe the strands of the new DNA
molecule.
Each with 1 new strand that is
complementary to the original strand.
DNA Replication
10. Name the enzyme responsible for
adding nucleotides to the growing DNA
chain.
DNA Polymerase
Name that Process…
11.
Process that makes RNA molecules:
Transcription
12. Cell uses information from mRNA to produce
proteins:
Translation
Protein Synthesis
13. Types of RNA needed for protein
synthesis…
mRNA
tRNA
rRNA
Protein Synthesis
15. Which type of RNA forms ribosomes?
 rRNA
16. Where does mRNA go once it is made? (hint:
organelle responsible for making proteins)

ribosome
17. During translation, how does your body determine
the type of amino acid to add to the polypeptide
chain?

Codon on the mRNA & the
complementary anticodon on the tRNA
where the amino acid is attached
Protein Synthesis
18. How does tRNA act as an “interpreter” during
protein synthesis?

It brings an amino acid to its
correct codon
19. What is the name for a nucleotide triplet in
mRNA, which identifies a specific amino acid?
 CODON
20. How many codons are needed to specify 3
amino acids?

THREE
Protein Synthesis
21. Why is it possible for an amino acid to be
specified by more than one kind of codon?

There are 64 codons that code for
amino acids and only 20 amino acids
22. During translation, what happens when a
tRNA anticodon binds to a mRNA codon?

The amino acid detaches from the
tRNA and attaches to the end of a
growing protein chain
Mutation open-ended:
What’s a mutation –
What are the 3 types –
Which type is the most disastrous?
Can mutations be passed on?
Identify a common mutagen.
DNA:
DNA:
CCATTGAGATCAATTGCGGTAT
DNA:TACAGATTCCAAGGGCTCTCTGATT
mRNA:
tRNA:
AA: