Transcript 3 phosphate groups

Saving for a Rainy Day
Suppose you earned extra money by having a part-time
job. At first, you might be tempted to spend all of the
money, but then you decide to open a bank account.
1. What are the benefits of having a bank account?
2. What do you have to do if you need some of this
money?
3. What might your body do when it has more energy
than it needs to carry out its activities?
4. What does your body do when it needs energy?
Chapter 8.1
Energy and Life
Energy
• Energy = the ability to do work
– ex. light, heat, electricity, stored in bonds of chemical
compounds
• Living things depend on energy
– Even when sleeping, your cells use energy to build
new proteins and amino acids.
Autotroph vs. Heterotroph
• Autotroph (auto = “self”, trophe = “food”)
Organisms that make their own food
• Plants and some other organisms use light energy from the
sun
• Heterotroph (hetero = “other”, trophe = “food”)
Obtain energy from the foods that they consume
• Eat autotrophs or other heterotrophs
Example
Grass gets energy
from the sun.
The impala gets energy
from eating the grass.
The leopard gets
energy from
eating the impala.
Which are autotrophs and which are heterotrophs? Explain why.
-grass = autotroph (makes its own food)
-impala and leopard = heterotrophs (get energy from foods they consume)
Partner Activity
• 1. Make a list of 15 different organisms.
• 2. Classify each organism as an autotroph
or a heterotroph
Were any of the types of organisms difficult to classify?
Why?
Fuel of Life
• Glucose is called the fuel of life
– Monosaccharide
C6H12O6
• Contains too much energy for
cells to use all at once
Must convert this large amount
of energy into a usable form
• Like getting change for a vending
machine
ATP Parts
• ATP  Adenosine Triphosphate
– Chemical compound that cells use to store and
release energy
• Basic energy source of the cell
• 3 main parts:
– Adenine
– Ribose (sugar)
– 3 phosphate groups
Adenine
Ribose
3 Phosphate
groups
ATP and Energy
The energy that ATP carries is found in the
bonds between the phosphates
Energy is released when these bonds are
broken; energy is stored when these bonds are
formed
ATP vs. ADP / AMP
• ADP = adenosine
diphosphate
– 2 phosphate groups
Has less potential energy
than ATP
• AMP = adenosine
monophosphate
– 1 phosphate group
Has less potential energy
than ADP
• Both of the above are
recyclable
ATP
ATP
Section 8-1
Gain phosphate
(form bond) =
energy is stored
Lose phosphate
(break bond) =
energy is released
ADP
Figure 8-3 Comparison of ADP and
ATP to a Battery
Section 8-1
ADP
ATP
Energy
Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) + Phosphate
Partially
charged
battery
Energy
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
Fully
charged
battery
Endergonic / Exergonic
• Reactions either use energy or give off
energy
– Endergonic reaction in which energy must
be used
– Exergonic reaction in which energy is given
off
ATP Formation Video
• ATP
Review Questions
• 1. What is energy?
• 2. What is the difference between an autotroph and
a heterotroph?
• 3. What is the fuel for life? Why must it be
converted into another form?
• 4. What is ATP? What are its 3 main parts?
• 5. How is ATP used to store and release energy?
• 6. What is the difference between an endergonic
reaction and an exergonic reaction?