Transcript Chemistry
Topic: Biochemistry Aim: What is the stuff that makes up stuff? DO NOW: List 3 ideas and explain 1. 2. 3. Life Science is the study of living things such as plants and animals Physical Science Physical science is the study of the properties and structures of matter, space and time that study non-living systems When these world collide! •Smallest unit of matter known. •100 million atoms lined up in a row = one centimeter •Composed of protons, neutron, electrons Atoms are the basic building blocks of matter that make up everyday objects. example: A desk, the air, There are 90 naturally occurring kinds of atoms. Scientists in labs have been able to make about 25 more. Types of subatomic particles Combine with electrons and (usually) neutrons to make atoms Protons have a positive electrical charge Protons are nearly the same size as neutrons and are much larger than electrons. Types of sub-atomic particles Neutron does not have an electrical charge called a neutral charge Neutrons and protons are almost exactly the same size but much larger than electrons Types of subatomic particles Electrons have a negative electrical charge Found on electron clouds surrounding the nucleus •A pure substance that consists of entirely one type of atom •Represented by letters or symbols •Approximately two dozen are found in living things In total, 117 elements have been observed as of 2007, of which 94 occur naturally on Earth. How do I read the periodic table? Atomic number: # of protons There are an equal number of electrons as protons Atomic Mass: # of protons + # of neutrons Examples of elements O C S K Oxygen H Hydrogen Carbon Na Sodium Sulfur N Nitrogen Cl Potassium Chlorine •Substances that are formed by the chemical combination of two or more different elements Most abundant compound on Earth is water ___________ • Are expressed through formulas 1. Chemical formulas 2.Structural formulas C12H22O11 C6H12O6 The attraction of atoms that cause element to form compounds Chemical Bonds a. COVALENT •Sharing of electrons b. IONIC •Attraction between two opposites (charged atoms) Gas • • • • Has no fixed shape Has no fixed volume Made of particles that move rapidly The particles also have large spaces between them in comparison to solids and liquids Examples of Gases are • • • • • • Steam Oxygen Carbon dioxide Smog Tear Gas Helium Check out the Following Site on Gas : Liquid • • • • Has no fixed shape Has a fixed volume Particles move past one another easily Particles are fairly close, but not in a neat even arrangement as the particles in a solid are Examples of Liquids are • • • • • • Orange Juice Water Soft drinks Milk Rubbing Alcohol Vinegar Check out the following Site on Liquids : Solid • Has a fixed shape • Has a fixed volume • Particles are arranged in a tight, regular pattern • Particles move very little Examples of Solids are • • • • • • Ice Frog Cheese Bricks Wood Popcicle Check out the Following Site on Solids : Aim: How are the Three States of Matter accomplished? Watch this Brainpop Movie on the States of Matter : Writing Activity • The students will describe the three states of matter and include the following : • At least one example of each state • A description of each state Phases of matter Topic: Biochemistry Aim: Why do compound behave differently? DO NOW: Handout #1-5 and Using the following words create one sentence. element compound atom Compounds are any combination of different elements which are each made up of one type of atom. There are two categories of compounds: •Organic •Inorganic •is a chemical compound that contains carbon and hydrogen •Found in all living things Examples •C6H1206 •CH4 •Is chemical compound that DOES NOT contain Carbon and hydrogen bonds Examples •NaCl •Not capable of creating life, no combination makes life Four Major Groups of Organic Compounds Carbohydrates Proteins Lipids Nucleic Acids NaCl Lipids make up fats, oils and waxes Lipids can be found in butter, olive oil, peanut oil, cheese, milk, animal fat LIPIDS THAT ARE SOLID ARE CALLED FAT LIPIDS THAT ARE LIQUID ARE CALLED OIL Lipids Building blocks : One Glycerol molecule and three Fatty Acid molecules Chemical Formulas: C57H110O6 C54H99O6 Ratio is greater than 1:2:1 Lipid Functions include energy storage, acting as structural parts of cell membranes, insulation, and participating as important signaling molecules Topic: Biochemistry Aim: Why are carbohydrates needed for life? DO NOW: Identify the following as an atom, an element, or a compound: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. H2 H2SO4 C6H12O6 S H2O 6. CO2 7. Al2 8. H Carbohydrates Building blocks: Monosaccharides Aka simple sugars Chemical Formulas: C6H12O6 C12H22O11 Ratio 1:2:1 Carbohydrate Functions Source of short term & long term ENERGY Carbohydrates come in many forms that are classified into three categories: 1. How can determine a lipid by chemical formula? 2. How can we identify a carbohydrate by name? 3. What is the usual structural shape of a carbohydrate molecule? Greater than 2:1 ratio -OSE ending Ring shaped DO Now: Complete Quiz # 6 There are 20 different sorts of amino acid, each with slightly different properties Proteins are made up of chains of amino acids, and are often folded up into a ball shape. An 'average' protein has about 250 amino acids in its chain. How many different combinations are there of 250 amino acids? Although there are billions and billions of possible combinations, actually there are less than 100,000 used in the human body according to the best estimates of the scientists.