Transcript click here. - Chemistry Land

3 kinds of elements build a brick
Brick becomes building block for a layer of bricks
Layer of bricks becomes building block for wall of bricks
The power
of
building
blocks
Protons, Electrons, and Neutrons are the
building blocks for elements
Hydrogen
Nitrogen-7
Carbon-6
Oxygen-8
Organic Building Blocks
H
C
O
N
S
P
Hydrocarbons/plastic
Carbohydrates & Lipids/plastics
Amino acids & proteins
More amino acids & proteins
Nucleic acids, RNA, & DNA
Iron, copper, magnesium
Proteins
Hair (keratin)
Fingernails (keratin)
Skin (collagen)
Collagen is made from 3
amino acids that form a
helix. These sections
spontaneously selfassemble.
O
Si
O
Si
O
O
Si
O
O
Si
O
Si
O
O
O
O
Si
O
Si
O
O
Si
O
O
Si
O
Si
O
O
O
The other common elements in order of abundance are
the metals aluminum, iron, calcium, sodium, and
potassium.
NYLON
Nylon was discovered in 1935. The name nylon is
derived from two cities where it was discovered namely
New York (NY) and London (LON).
Many + Parts
O
C
C
O
C
How will you reinforce your
knowledge of chemistry
building blocks?
Drill and…
Practice
O
H
C
O
H
H
N
H
4 Known Forces
1) Electromagnetic Force
a) Electrostatic
b) Magnetic
c) Light
2) Strong Nuclear Force
3) Weak Nuclear Force
4) Gravity
Electrons “dislike” other electrons
Electrons “love” protons
• Electrons are strongly attracted to protons.
The more protons present the stronger the
attraction.
+
Opposites Attract
Likes Repel
+ +
Radio, TV, Microwaves
UV, X-rays, Gamma Rays
POTENTIAL ENERGY
Energy = Force x Distance
ENERGY
Dividing by
10,000,000
made a
distance that
was called a
meter.
Cubits
Yards
Miles
Nautical Miles
Feet
Hands
Inches
Leagues
Chains
Furlongs
sq. miles
sq. yards
sq. ft.
sq. in.
acres
Gallons, imperial gallons, quarts,
pints, fluid ounces, pecks, bushels
Barrel
Cubic inches
Cubic feet
Cubic yards
Minims
Drops
Liter from Litron:
Measure of
capacity
One liter of
water has a
mass of one
kilogram
Since we have 10
fingers, a number
system based on
10 was developed.
Sources of confusion
• Plus sign (+)
• Addition sign (+)
• What’s the
difference?
• Addition sign
indicates action of
combining.
• Plus sign means
something completely
different.
• Negative sign (-)
• Subtraction sign (-)
• What’s the
difference?
• Subtraction sign
indicates action of
taking away.
• Negative sign means
something completely
different.
Sources of confusion
3
14
6
+1
2
C
Symbols vs. the Real Thing
Answer true or false:
H2O is water___
Formula for water is H2O___
H is hydrogen__
H is symbol for hydrogen___
½ is a fraction___
¼ is fractional numeral___
The number five has 4 letters ___
0.07 nm
Chemical Equations are simple.
2H2 + O2  2H2O
If water molecules were grains of
sand, a liter of water would cover
the entire Earth 30 miles deep
with sand.
The numbers
under the element
names are the
relative weights.
However, if you
consider one
mole of the
element (6 x 1023
atoms) then these
numbers are read
as grams.
Bridge between
mass and number
How will you learn all the
math you need?
How many of you have
CD-ROMs?
Feel the
Of
POWERPOINT
No one likes tests, even
teachers. In the old days, when
people learned by
apprenticeship, there wasn’t a
need for tests because the
master knew how the apprentice
was doing by watching them
and regularly asking them
questions. However, in a
classroom of 65 students, the
instructor may have no idea how
much a student has learned, so
a test is one way of finding out.
One philosophy of teaching is that instructors are only
sure that they have taught the subject if they find out
that students have learned the subject. In other
words, I must ask you a lot of questions to see if both
you and I are doing a good job.
My expectation is that everyone understands everything on the test and gets
it 100% right.
Everyone may not get it 100% the first time, but they should get it correct on
the 2nd, or 3rd time.
It makes no sense to go on when there is something critical missing. Much
of chemistry builds off the previous material.
Of course, a person who takes
three tries to get a question
right doesn’t deserve the same
amount of credit of the person
who got it right the first time.
But getting it right the third
time still deserves credit.
On problems you missed, you have the opportunity to be retested with a
similar problem.
You can get 85% of the score you would have gotten if you got it right the first
time. Each time you have to redo it will cost another 15%.
For example, if you miss a 20 point question but get a similar one correct on
the retest, you make 17 points, which is much better than losing all 20 points.
You just have to make an extra effort to do it again.
In short, I’m more interested in you learning the material than giving you low
grades.
I’m not eager to do extra grading, but I’m willing to do that if you are willing to
put in the time to restudy and retest on what you missed.
Final grades are not based on a curve, so students who ace a test the first
time shouldn’t worry about the students who retake the test to improve their
scores.
I really hate to talk about points for two reasons
First it takes your attention away from the subject.
Second, it implies that grading is accurate down to the last little
point. It would be hard to prove that a person with 524 points
knows more than someone with 523 points. Mathematically it
seems accurate, but in actuality grading is not that accurate. It
is accurate to the level of recognizing failing performance,
unsatisfactory work, fair work, good work, and outstanding
work. In other words, the grades of F, D, C, B, & A can be
determined, it’s just the points are only accurate to the nearest
grade.
With this said, we can use points because it is
easy to work with.
NOTE: People who focus only on learning the
subject do better than those who worry about
grades. That’s because when you worry about
points and grades, you are not thinking about
the subject. Listen and learn in class and
grades will take care of themselves.
In case you are still interested, here is the breakdown of points
that will serve as a guide to your grade
Attendance & quizzes: 175 points
4 tests: 100 points each totaling 400 points
Final test: 200 points
Poster project: 100 points
Miscellaneous homework assignments: 175 points
Total Points: 1000
If you have any special learning needs, let me
know.
For me to try to accommodate your special
learning needs, you need to first visit our
Disabilities Resources Office for assessment and
for making arrangements for assistance.
Textbook
4th Edition
3rd Edition
Any Questions?
…you wake up in your bed and believe
whatever you want to believe…”