Transcript FN303-WSV

Nutrition during
Adolescence
Physiological changes
 Nutrient needs

» Focus on calcium

Eating behaviors
» Feeding responsibility
» Vegetarian choices
» Eating disorders

Lifestyle behaviors
» Substance use/abuse
» Fitness and nutrition
» Teen pregnancy
Physiological Changes
during Puberty

Puberty = period of ________
from childhood to adulthood
» Hormonal changes/body
composition triggers?

Physical:
» sexual maturation
» increased height/weight
» body composition
nutrition
– men: _____
protein, Fe, Zn, Ca
– women: _______
menses
Fe
» acne
Psychological
Characteristics

Establish

Egocentrism

Imaginary Audience
» high self-consciousness
» belief in their special, unique
existence
» “It won’t happen to me”
**Health implication =
Calcium…
45-50% of total bone
growth occurs during
adolescence
 can absorb ____________
as adults
 Adequate Intake (AI) is set
at ______ mg calcium/day
to take advantage of
opportunity to build
(9-18 years old)
 High ___________ intake is
a concern

…and Other
Nutrients

Adolescents are generally
low in
Protein: they get ~2 times
more than needed
 Zinc: needed for

bioavailability increases
 Fiber: 0.5 g/kg body
weight; keep < 35 g total
 V.C:
Eating Behaviors
Teens will take increasing
responsibility for their food
choices
 They still probably need
_______ (25-33% of intake)
 Skipping breakfast/meals is
common but unhealthy


Influences on eating
behaviors:
Eating Behaviors

Teens will take increasing
responsibility for their food
choices…
» may choose “alternative”
eating patterns
» greater risk for eating disorders

Vegetarians: start puberty
shorter, leaner, and later but
no differences eventually
» Concern for
» higher prevalence of
(using vegetarianism as a
cover, not as a result of
vegetarianism)
Types of
Vegetarian Diets
Type
Foods eaten

Macrobiotic


Fruitarians


Vegan
Lacto-ovo

Lacto-ovo-pollo
Pesco






Only a few plant
foods
Dried fruit, nuts,
honey
No animal foods
Plants + milk,
eggs
ditto + poultry
Plants + fish
(+ milk, eggs…)
Protein
Complementation
Limiting
amino acid
Food source

legumes

met

vegetables

met

corn

trp, lys

grains

lys, thr

nuts and seeds

lys
met = methionine thr = threonine
lys = lysine
trp = tryptophan
Nutritional Concerns of
Vegetarian Diets
Type
Nutrients at risk

Macrobiotic

*vit. C, calcium,
protein…*
*energy, protein,
minerals…*

Fruitarians


Vegan

vitamin B12!,
calcium, zinc,
iron, vit. D

Others

probably okay
Eating Disorders

Food itself is not the
primary problem; food is a
symptom of serious
distress.

Early detection is crucial
for recovery.

Help is available.
Multidisciplinary treatment
works best.
Prevention

Discourage
Downplay _________;
promote healthful behavior
 Promote eating when

Do not use food as
 Teach proper nutrition and
healthy weight approaches

Adolescents and
Athletics
________is the nutrient of
primary concern for athletes
in general
 ________ is a performance
and a health risk

» replace
for every pound lost in sweat

Protein: +6-7 g/day (____% of
kcal)
» More = high fat intake; delayed
digestion, absorption; greater
dehydration risk
Adolescents and
Athletics

Energy is primary for stillgrowing adolescent athletes
» Boys: maintain
» Girls: maintain

Concern = athletes who
manipulate weight
Anabolic steroids increase
bulk, but also stunt growth
and pose health risk
 Long-term effects of
___________ are unknown

Female Athlete Triad
Prevention

Support adolescents
through puberty: recognize

Teach that ______ = better
athletic performance

Encourage healthy
attitudes from
Adolescent
Pregnancy

High risk pregnancies due to
immaturity:

Gynecological age = time
from onset of __________
» < ______ indicates greater risk
» less time from completion of
puberty means less
» e.g. ________
» involve _______ if possible
Risks to the Mother
bleeding (1st, 3rd trimesters)
 __
 difficult

» cephalopelvic __________
pregnancy-induced
hypertension
 infections
 psychological/social
development


mortality: 2.5x greater!
Risks to the Baby
perinatal and neonatal


*
» babies weigh less than those of
adult mothers with same weight
gain
» will covering normal gain help?
risk of
 risk of
 life with parent(s) who have
____________ skills
 life with one parent only;
living below the
