Transcript Chapter 16

Chapter 16
The Molecular Basis
of Inheritance
Active Lecture Questions for use with Classroom Response Systems
Biology, Seventh Edition
Neil Campbell and Jane Reece
Edited by William Wischusen, Louisiana State University
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
1. Tobacco mosaic virus has RNA rather than DNA as its
genetic material. In a hypothetical situation where RNA
from a tobacco mosaic virus is mixed with proteins from a
related DNA virus, the result could be a hybrid virus. If that
virus were to infect a cell and reproduce, what would the
resulting "offspring" viruses be like?
a. tobacco mosaic virus
b. the related DNA virus
c. a hybrid: tobacco mosaic virus RNA and protein from the
DNA virus
d. a hybrid: tobacco mosaic virus protein and nucleic acid
from the DNA virus
e. a virus with a double helix made up of one strand of DNA
complementary to a strand of RNA surrounded by viral
protein
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
2. Cytosine makes up 38% of the nucleotides in a
sample of DNA from an organism. What percent
of the nucleotides in this sample will be thymine?
a. 12
b. 24
c. 31
d. 38
e. It cannot be determined from the
information provided.
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
3. In an analysis of the nucleotide composition of
DNA, which of the following is true?
a. A = C
b. A = G and C = T
c. A + C = G + T
d. A + T = G + C
e. Both B and C are true
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
4. A space probe returns with a culture of a microorganism found
on a distant planet. Analysis shows that it is a carbon-based life
form that has DNA. You grow the cells in 15N medium for
several generations and then transfer it to 14N medium. Which
pattern in this figure would you expect if the DNA were
replicated in a conservative manner?
a.
b.
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
c.
d.
e.
5. In analyzing the number of different bases
in a DNA sample, which result would be
consistent with the base-pairing rules?
a. A = G
b. A + G = C + T
c. A + T = G + T
d. A = C
e. G = T
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
6. Imagine the following experiment is done: Bacteria are
first grown for several generations in a medium containing
the lighter isotope of nitrogen, 14N, then switched into a
medium containing 15N. The rest of the experiment is
identical to the Meselson and Stahl experiment. Which of
the following represents the band positions you would
expect after two generations? *
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
7. You are trying to support your hypothesis that
DNA replication is conservative; i.e., parental
strands separate; complementary strands are
made, but these new strands join together to
make a new DNA molecule and the parental
strands rejoin. You take E. coli that had grown in
a medium containing only heavy nitrogen (15N)
and transfer a sample to a medium containing
light nitrogen (14N).
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
7. (cont.) After allowing time for only one DNA
replication, you centrifuge a sample and compare
the density band(s) formed with control bands for
bacteria grown on either normal 14N or 15N
medium. Which band location would support your
hypothesis of conservative DNA replication?
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
8. Using the experiment explained in the previous
question, which centrifuge tube would represent
the band distribution obtained after one
replication showing that DNA replication is
semiconservative?
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Chapter 17
From Gene to Protein
Active Lecture Questions for use with Classroom Response Systems
Biology, Seventh Edition
Neil Campbell and Jane Reece
Edited by William Wischusen, Louisiana State University
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
1. A mutation results in a defective enzyme a. In the
following simple metabolic pathway, what would be
a consequence of that mutation?
enzyme a
a
enzyme b
b
c
a. an accumulation of A and no production of B and C
b. an accumulation of A and B and no production of C
c. an accumulation of B and no production of A and C
d. an accumulation of B and C and no production of A
e. an accumulation of C and no production of A and B
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
2. If proteins were composed of only 12 different
kinds of amino acids, what would be the smallest possible codon size in a genetic system
with four different nucleotides?
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4
e. 12
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
3. A portion of the genetic code is UUU = phenylalanine,
GCC = alanine, AAA = lysine, and CCC = proline.
Assume the correct code places the amino acids
phenylalanine, alanine, and lysine in a protein (in that
order). Which of the following DNA sequences would
substitute proline for alanine?
a. AAA-CGG-TTA
b. AAT-CGG-TTT
c. AAA-CCG-TTT
d. AAA-GGG-TTT
e. AAA-CCC-TTT
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
4. A particular triplet of bases in the coding
sequence of DNA is AAA. The anticodon on
the tRNA that binds the mRNA codon is
a. TTT.
b. UUA.
c. UUU.
d. AAA.
e. either UAA or TAA, depending on wobble in
the first base.
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
5. A part of an mRNA molecule with the following sequence
is being read by a ribosome: 5' CCG-ACG 3' (mRNA).
The following activated transfer RNA molecules are
available. Two of them can correctly match the mRNA so
that a dipeptide can form.
tRNA Anticodon
Amino Acid
GGC
CGU
UGC
Proline
Alanine
Threonine
CCG
ACG
Glycine
Cysteine
c. glycine-cysteine.
CGG
Alanine
e. threonine-glycine.
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
The dipeptide that will
form will be
a. cysteine-alanine.
b. proline-threonine.
d. alanine-alanine.
6. This figure represents
tRNA that recognizes and
binds a particular amino
acid (in this instance,
phenylalanine). Which of
the following triplets of
bases on the mRNA
strand codes for this
amino acid?
a. UGG
b. GUG
c. GUA
d. UUC
e. CAU
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
7. Each of the following is a modification of the sentence
THECATATETHERAT.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
THERATATETHECAT
THETACATETHERAT
THECATARETHERAT
THECATATTHERAT
CATATETHERAT
Which of the above is analogous to a frameshift mutation?
a. A
b. B
c. C
d. D
e. E
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
8. Each of the following is a modification of the sentence
THECATATETHERAT.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
THERATATETHECAT
THETACATETHERAT
THECATARETHERAT
THECATATTHERAT
CATATETHERAT
Which of the above is analogous to a single substitution
mutation?
a. A
b. B
c. C
d. D
e. E
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
9. What is the relationship among DNA, a gene, and
a chromosome?
a. A chromosome contains hundreds of genes,
which are composed of protein.
b. A chromosome contains hundreds of genes,
which are composed of DNA.
c. A gene contains hundreds of chromosomes,
which are composed of protein.
d. A gene is composed of DNA, but there is no
relationship to a chromosome.
e. A gene contains hundreds of chromosomes,
which are composed of DNA.
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
10. A biologist inserts a gene from a human liver cell into
the chromosome of a bacterium. The bacterium then
transcribes this gene into mRNA and translates the
mRNA into protein. The protein produced is useless.
The biologist extracts the protein and mature mRNA that
codes for it. When analyzed you would expect which of
the following results? *
a. the protein and the mature mRNA are longer than in
human cells
b. the protein and mature mRNA are shorter than expected
c. the protein is longer and the mRNA is shorter than
expected
d. the protein is shorter and the mRNA is longer than
expected
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
11. How is the template strand for a particular gene
determined?
a. It is the DNA strand that runs from the 5' → 3' direction.
b. It is the DNA strand that runs from the 3' → 5' direction.
c. It depends on the orientation of RNA polymerase, whose
position is determined by particular sequences of
nucleotides within the promoter.
d. It doesn’t matter which strand is the template because
they are complementary and will produce the same
mRNA.
e. The template strand always contains the TATA box.
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Answers
Ch 17
Ch 16
1. A
1.
2.
A
A
2. B
3. D
4. D
3.
C
4.
B
5.
B
7. D
6.
E
8. C
7.
C
9. B
8.
C
10. A
9.
A
11. C
5. B
6. D
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings